Friday, April 22, 2022

Recent Questions - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange

Recent Questions - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange


Capitalization of the word province after the province

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 12:32 AM PDT

We entered China via Guangdong Province and exited via Guangxi Province.

or

We entered China via Guangdong province and exited via Guangxi province.

Which is correct?

There are/is a bottle and a plate in the kitchen? [duplicate]

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 12:29 AM PDT

Which one of these sentences is grammatically correct?

Question is not about compound subjects, it is about a singular and plural subject joined by 'and'.

  1. There are a bottle and a plate in the kitchen.

  2. There is a bottle and a plate in the kitchen.

What about:

  1. There are bottles and a plate in the kitchen.

  2. There are a plate and bottles in the kitchen.

  3. There is bottles and a plate in the kitchen.

  4. There is a plate and bottles in the kitchen.

Side note - what are some good tags to put for this question?

Using a singular to convey a plural

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:50 PM PDT

If I want to provide a diagram of the performance measurements of different programming languages, which option is correct? Is it correct to use a singular form when there are multiple languages taken into account?

  • "Programming languages performance"
  • "Programming language performance"

Similar:

  • The package groups elements according to the elements type.
  • The package groups elements according to the element type.

I feel like in English it is possible to use a singular when in fact you are indicating a plurality, does anyone know of any specific rules regarding this?

Thank you.

What is the history of the incomplete can/could verb?

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 12:04 AM PDT

The verb can/could is incomplete in the following sense. There is a present tense:

I can  You can  He/she/it can  […]  

There is also a past tense:

I could  You could  He/she/it could  […]  

But there is no future, future perfect, imperfect or infinitive. You have to use forms of "to be able" for that.

What is the history of this verb? Was it ever complete and did the other forms become archaic? Is its incompleteness unique in English? Are there other English verbs with no infinitive for example?

etymonline says

Old English 1st & 3rd person singular present indicative of cunnan "to know," less commonly as an auxiliary, "to have power to, to be able," (also "to have carnal knowledge"), from Proto-Germanic *kunnjanan "to be mentally able, to have learned" (source also of Old Norse kenna "to become acquainted, try," Old Frisian kanna "to recognize, admit, know," German kennen "to know," Middle Dutch kennen "to know," Gothic kannjan "to make known"), from PIE root *gno- "to know."

Meaning of "against" in this sentence

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:42 PM PDT

What is the meaning of "against" in this sentence:-

The facility of cheques 'against' demand deposits makes it possible to directly settle payments without the use of cash.

What does 'one messages' mean in the context? and why the plural after one?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:40 PM PDT

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_to_action_(marketing) A call to action is often used in Email marketing, a form of media sent directly to consumers that typically raises awareness for a sale, event, promotion, or release. While consumers consent to the company contacting them via Email, a CTA must be strong because of one messages diluting importance when in an inbox. CTA is usually included in the subject line to gain consumers interest to open the Email. What does 'one messages' mean in the above sentence? and why the plural after one? Many thanks for your help.

Which sentence makes more sense? [closed]

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:37 PM PDT

Which sentence would make more sense?

1."You feel that the time is not yet ripe, then I will ... help you speed up the process!"

2."You feel that the time is not yet ripe, then I will ... help you speed up the time!"

The first sentence seems to make more sense to me because process would refer to the ripening process (of time), but the second sentence also seems to make sense to me because it directly states to "speed up the time" which is equivalent to ripening the time. If neither sentence makes complete sense, could you suggest a new sentence.

Earliest recorded use of legit as a short form for legitimate

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:38 PM PDT

What is the earliest known record of legit being used as a short form for legitimate?

Example:

Too legit to quit.

Should I separate multiple "ands" in a series with commas?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:30 PM PDT

I enjoy eating apples and cherries and pears and bananas.

OR

I enjoy eating apples, and cherries, and pears, and bananas.

I apologize if this question was listed somewhere else, but I can't find a single article discussing it anywhere on the internet. I'm a transcriber. I'm not at liberty to change what a person says, but I need to type it up on paper with best possible grammar. My company prefers the Oxford comma, so the last comma in a series is preferable.

What's the time now? vs What time is it now? & 's for "does" [migrated]

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 04:49 PM PDT

What's the most proper question to ask about time? (The current time "right now") "What time is it now?" or "What's the time now?", or are they equal?

What about "how old are you?" vs "what's your age?", are they equal?

I want to ask about one more important issue, with kind of a funny question 😀, I can remember an American or bilingual guy once asked me "what's your Facebook say?", he was asking about my title or name on Facebook, and I know that it should be "what does", but he said it like this, now my questions are:

  • Do Americans reduce "does" to "s"; like saying "what's he do?" "where's he go?" " what's it mean?"?
  • If yes, is it formal? I mean can you hear it in a presidential speech for example? Or is it slang?
  • Can I ask about the time saying "What does the clock say?"😃?

When did “shrinkflation” first appear in writing?

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:32 AM PDT

With the recent trend of increasing inflation a new term has come to the fore: shrinkflation.

The noun shrinkflation is a blend or portmanteau word formed from the verb 'shrink' and the noun 'inflation'. It was first used early in this century. (Macmillan Dictionary blog)

One of the earliest examples of shrinkflation was spotted in 2009, when confectionery company Mars reduced the weight of their popular Mars Bar by a few grams but kept the price at 37 pence. (Macmillan Dictionary)

I couldn't find any evidence of the term being used in the early 2000s (Google Books shows no usage examples, for instance) as Macmillan Dictionary suggests. It is not clear if they refer to the concept of shrinkflation rather than to the usage of the term.

Was the term actually used in the early 2000s? and what are the earliest usage examples available?

Hyphenation of "connected-component labeling"

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:52 PM PDT

This wikipedia page refers to connected-component labeling and it places a hyphen between connected and component, but I think there should not be a hyphen there.

I've consulted Canada's hyphenation guide here and cannot find a rule that justifies using a hyphen in this way.

I see it to be grammatically similar to something like cracked screen repairing, or baked potato eating.

Why is connected-component hyphenated, or is it an error?

Is there a rule that describes vowel pronunciation changes in conjugated words? [duplicate]

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:32 PM PDT

I've noticed that sometimes when a word (generally a noun or adjective) gains or loses syllables, the pronunciation of the vowels will change. For example,

  • horizon vs horizontal
  • sociopath vs sociopathy
  • photograph vs photographer

What I want to know is if there is a general rule that describes why this occurs. I also know that not every time the syllable count is changed the pronunciation changes. For instance, the addition of the suffix -ly seems to maintain the rest of the pronunciation despite adding a syllable. I found this question, talking about pronunciation change in words that end in -ative, which seems to be related but more focused.

I suspect it's something to do with syllable stress, but it's difficult for me to research this without a search engine simply giving me the Great Vowel Shift or a 5th grade lesson on syllables. Of course I don't expect there to be a perfectly descriptive rule with no exceptions, but it seems to be common enough to warrant some kind of explanation.

Edit: It appears that trisyllabic laxing is what I was looking for. Questions that mention it such as this one answer my question perfectly. Thank you @tchrist

Should it be "we animals" or "us animals"? [duplicate]

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:28 PM PDT

In the serialization of my book, I have this passage:

Brief introductions were made, although when Albert tried to tell them the names of we animals, they waved him off.

But now I'm wondering whether "we animals" is correct, or should it be "us animals"?

Possible ambiguity involving 'should'

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 09:35 AM PDT

In the following dialogue:

Q: How much of a problem is A when using method B?

A: For method B, A should be taken care of.

Is the answer ambiguous? Are these interpretations both valid?

Interpretation 1: Method B automatically takes care of A, don't worry about it.

Interpretation 2: You should take care of A before applying method B.

The meaning of not snapping that much

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 01:37 PM PDT

Would you please help me and tell me why did the audience laugh when they heard the speaker saying saying the following sentences. I heard them like this:

1: "over time I would say, actually I am not snapping as much, myself, that's what would I say. I think he (my partner) would even say that too. It's in 35:33 in the video down

2: they also laughed here, I really couldn't understand why. Here is the video if you need 👇🏻

https://youtu.be/ojWEDcHBLig?t=2162

Thanks in advance 🙏🏻.

Cardinal numbers in dates when speaking

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:01 PM PDT

I understand that in speaking (if we are talking strictly about formal rules) it is more common to use ordinal numbers and not cardinal numbers. However, it has come to my attention that people these days use cardinal numbers as well (or at least are starting to). For example, in this video from the US National Archives at about 14:01, I can hear him say July 1 (one, not first!)! Again, here is a video from "Talks at Google" where you can hear the exact same phenomenon (May ONE, not FIRST.) Lastly, here is Joe Biden saying May 1 as "one", not "first". I've never thought about it before, but recently, I've been paying attention to some podcasts I listen to, and I can hear cardinal numbers when they announce the date as well! Is the English language changing again? Do you personally use cardinal numbers when speaking the date, and is it wrong to do so?

When did the term “moral cretin” originate?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 08:55 PM PDT

The earliest example of the phrase I found was in an article titled "Against Rationalization" by Christopher Hitchens in The Nation (Sept 20, 2001):

Does anyone suppose that an Israeli withdrawal from Gaza would have forestalled the slaughter in Manhattan? It would take a moral cretin to suggest anything of the sort

Other examples can be found in articles from 2009 and 2003

Is the usage original to Christopher Hitchens or is he using a phrase used earlier?

What's the meaning of "the dream with its horn and man follows that path"?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:04 PM PDT

It's hard to believe, but I was born in a neighborhood called Los Empalados: The Impaled. The name glows like the moon. The name opens a way through the dream with its horn, and man follows that path. A quaking path. Invariably harsh. The path that leads into or out of Hell. That's what it all comes down to. Getting closer to Hell or farther away. Me, for example, I've had people killed. I've given the best birthday presents. I've backed projects of epic proportions. I've opened my eyes in the dark. Once, I opened them by slow degrees in total darkness, and all I saw or imagined was that name: Los Empalados, shining like the star of destiny.

This is an excerpt from Roberto Bolaño's 'Prefiguration of Lalo Cura', a short story, I just want to understand the meaning of the sentence in bold.

Definite article in 'of phrases'

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 09:06 PM PDT

I feel it is very confusing when I see sentences such as this one in papers published in prestigious scientific journals (written by native speakers):

35S:ZPR2-GFP plants often showed termination of meristem activity and the formation of a pin-like structure.

Someone please tell me why there is no 'the' before 'termination' while there is a 'the' before 'formation'?

Here are two more similar sentences that I noticed in another paper:

  1. Formation of mature GCs in rice requires the stomatal maturation bHLH OsFAMA.
  2. Here, we identify a locus responsible for the formation of SCs in Brachypodium.

I really don't know why the definite article 'the' only appears in the second sentence (before 'formation') but not in the first one (at the beginning).

"one is ... another is ... " and "the first is ... the second is ...."

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:25 PM PDT

I am writing an academic paper. I use the following representations:

However, up to now, far too little attention has been devoted to two problems of the state-of-the-art proof automation systems. One is ... Another is ...

Somebody advises me to use

However, up to now, far too little attention has been devoted to two problems of the state-of-the-art proof automation systems. The first is ... The second problem is ...

Does the reason come from that "The first is ... The second problem is ..." is more formal, or more clear?

Thanks in advance!

How to use "If you were in my shoes"

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 04:21 PM PDT

I'm confused regarding uses of this idiom as clause For example

If I were in your shoes, I wouldn't have done that.

Clearly the speaker is talking about something that has already happened and he can do anything about it But couldn't the if clause be "If I had been you" since they're referring to a past condition?

How do you punctuate " So basically" when it appears at the beginning of the sentence?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 09:21 PM PDT

How should I write it:

  1. So, basically, we had to pay the fine.
  2. So basically we had to pay the fine.
  3. So, basically we had to pay the fine.
    OR
  4. So basically, we had to pay the fine.

Does the phrase "perceived slight" indicate a slight is not real?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 09:35 PM PDT

Can the phrase "perceived slight" be used to mean any slight a person perceives, whether that slight is grounded in reality or not, or is it synonymous with an "imagined slight" (a slight that is only perceived and not real)?

Hypernym for lossy or lossless?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 08:08 PM PDT

Generally, there exist two types of compression algorithms which have the feature to be lossless or lossy. What is the noun to reference this feature?

The word lossiness seems to be plausible to me. Is it correct?

How there are so many dialects of English in England?

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 09:50 AM PDT

I was just wondering how there are so many variations of dialects in England, which isn't really a very large country, they have Brummie, Yorkie, Cockney, the one in Liverpool, I don't know what's the name for that and etc. etc. So how did these counties acquire their distinct accents? I'm looking for definitive answer and if possible with some compelling historical evidence.

Which one of “Andrey” or “Andrei” is the better romanization of the Russian name “Андрей” for English speakers? [closed]

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:54 PM PDT

Which of Andrey or Andrei is the preferred transliteration of the Russian name Андрей into the English alphabet?

I checked Wikipedia, but it gives both variants.

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