| Linux Mint 20 - Switch users doesn't work correctly Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:45 AM PDT When the Account Switch is made, Linux Mint collapses, as shown in the figure below. 
Often it is necessary to restart the computer in a forced way. I used Ubuntu and had no such problem.  |
| Facing problem while updating Kali Linux Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:33 AM PDT I was facing slow updating speed in kali terminal so I change my Kali repo then I update again so don't know how my speed increased. Pakage I used to install: sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https -y Kali repo which I installed : deb http://kali.cs.nctu.edu.tw/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free deb-src http://kali.cs.nctu.edu.tw/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
But after using this Repo my kali machine is throwing an error like: ERROR :( Get:2 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease [10.4 kB] Hit:3 http://deb.anydesk.com all InRelease Hit:4 http://linux.teamviewer.com/deb stable InRelease Ign:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/mc3man/xerus-media/ubuntu jammy InRelease Ign:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/openjdk-r/ppa/ubuntu impish InRelease Hit:7 https://debrepo.freedownloadmanager.org bionic InRelease Err:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net/mc3man/xerus-media/ubuntu jammy Release 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:67c:1560:8008::19 80] Err:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/openjdk-r/ppa/ubuntu impish Release 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:67c:1560:8008::19 80] Hit:9 https://kali.itsec.am/kali kali-rolling InRelease Reading package lists... Done E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/mc3man/xerus-media/ubuntu jammy Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/openjdk-r/ppa/ubuntu impish Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
Note : I replace my these repo with original kali repo. deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
But still facing same error. anyone help me out with this problem Thank you  |
| Comparison between Texmaker, Texstudio and Texworks [closed] Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:50 AM PDT Has anyone used Texmaker, Texstudio and Texworks? How do they compare? I am particularly interested in rapidly constructing mathematical expressions (e.g. Texmacs provides rapid insertion of mathematical expressions but is fully wysiwyg, so cannot actually see the commands that have been inputted). Two other considerations are How good are they on the most recent versions of tex (e.g. latex). How often are they updated and released  |
| Can't see mounted drive under lsblk, blkid or mount Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:19 AM PDT I have mounted an external hard drive via /etc/fstab with the following entry: UUID=a8286fc9-5b08-41d9-8c4e-cb993a8976d1 /home/bu/safe-heaven-2/ ext4 defaults 0
I can read/write from this disk but I have some issues related to making backups via backintime (see below). So I started to poke around and see if I can find out anything but for some reason, I cannot see this drive with any of the commands mount, blkid or lsblk. So I am stuck. What can be the reason for this? The 'actual' issue at hand: This is a new 2TB drive I use for making backups but for some reason backintime keeps telling me that the disk is full at some point. This can't be true as I am trying to (partially) back up a disk that is only 1TB big and by no means full. When I try to do a fsck /home/bu/safe-heaven-2 on this disk, I get the following error: fsck.ext4: Unable to resolve 'UUID=a8286fc9-5b08-41d9-8c4e-cb993a8976d1'
But as I wrote, I can read / write to this disk. I am totally confused :D Please help! Edit: Output of fdisk -l as requested: Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram1: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram2: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram3: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram4: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram5: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram6: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram7: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram8: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram9: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram10: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram11: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram12: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram13: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram14: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram15: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14,9 GiB, 15931539456 bytes, 31116288 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x1ddfbf63 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 532479 524288 256M c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/mmcblk0p2 532480 31116287 30583808 14,6G 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 931,5 GiB, 1000170586112 bytes, 1953458176 sectors Disk model: Elements 10A8 Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x07e93288 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1953458175 1953456128 931,5G 83 Linux
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| Enable GNU Fortran 7.xy on CentOS 7.9: scl command not found Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:58 AM PDT I'm trying to enable GNU Fortran ver 7.xy on a CentOS 7.9 image in a Singularity container. According to various sources on the internet I need to install the following packages with yum: yum install centos-release-scl scl-utils-build devtoolset-7-gcc*`
After the installation I try to enable this toolchain with scl enable devtoolset-7 bash
However, I obtain the error scl: command not found
I tried to find scl, starting my search from /, but it is not found either: sudo find / -name "scl"
Also whereis scl returns nothing. Did anyone encounter this error before? What would be the remedy?  |
| HAProxy No server is available to handle this request Posted: 19 Oct 2021 09:38 AM PDT I have HAProxy setup on 192.46.209.80, on port 541 I bound the HAProxy frontend. And on the same server I am running my apache server as well. This is my /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg #HAProxy for web servers frontend web-frontend bind 192.46.209.80:541 mode http default_backend web-backend backend web-backend balance roundrobin server server1 192.46.209.80 check port 80 server server2 192.46.209.82 check port 80
But I am getting 503 service not available. Note : My question is different from the one already asked because I am serving apache and HAProxy on the same machine. 192.46.209.80 
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| How do i get three screens working at the same time? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:11 AM PDT I have a work-laptop, HP Pavilion g6, that uses arch with i3wm, and i would like to have three screens working at the same time (internal display, one connected via HDMI and one via VGA). when trying to set it up i run: xrandr which has the output: LVDS-1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 193mm 1366x768 60.01*+ 1280x720 60.00 59.99 59.86 59.74 1024x768 60.04 60.00 960x720 60.00 928x696 60.05 896x672 60.01 1024x576 59.95 59.96 59.90 59.82 960x600 59.93 60.00 960x540 59.96 59.99 59.63 59.82 800x600 60.00 60.32 56.25 840x525 60.01 59.88 864x486 59.92 59.57 700x525 59.98 800x450 59.95 59.82 640x512 60.02 700x450 59.96 59.88 640x480 60.00 59.94 720x405 59.51 58.99 684x384 59.88 59.85 640x400 59.88 59.98 640x360 59.86 59.83 59.84 59.32 512x384 60.00 512x288 60.00 59.92 480x270 59.63 59.82 400x300 60.32 56.34 432x243 59.92 59.57 320x240 60.05 360x202 59.51 59.13 320x180 59.84 59.32 VGA-1 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1920x1080 60.00 + 1600x1200 60.00 1680x1050 59.95 1280x1024 60.02 1440x900 59.89 1280x960 60.00 1280x720 60.00 1024x768 60.00 800x600 60.32 640x480 59.94 720x400 70.08 HDMI-1 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1920x1080 60.00 + 50.00 59.94 1920x1080i 60.00 50.00 59.94 1600x1200 60.00 1680x1050 59.88 1400x1050 59.95 1280x1024 75.02 60.02 1440x900 59.90 1280x960 60.00 1152x864 75.00 1280x720 60.00 50.00 59.94 1440x576 50.00 1024x768 75.03 70.07 60.00 1440x480 60.00 59.94 832x624 74.55 800x600 72.19 75.00 60.32 56.25 720x576 50.00 720x576i 50.00 720x480 60.00 59.94 720x480i 60.00 59.94 640x480 75.00 72.81 66.67 60.00 59.94 720x400 70.08 DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
I then run the commands: xrandr --output HDMI-1 --auto --left-of LVDS-1
and: xrandr --output VGA-1 --auto --right-of LVDS-1
The first command works fine, the second though yields: xrandr: cannot find crtc for output VGA-1
A coworker told me that it was because i only have 2 providers as he showed me with xrandr --listproviders which yielded: Provider 0: id: 0x45 cap: 0xf, Source Output, Sink Output, Source Offload, Sink Offload crtcs: 2 outputs: 4 associated providers: 1 name:modesetting Provider 1: id: 0xb6 cap: 0x5, Source Output, Source Offload crtcs: 6 outputs: 0 associated providers: 1 name:modesetting
I don't generally trust this guy, so I wanted to ask here whether there is a way of getting these 3 screens to work, and if so how to get them to work?  |
| Bash profile file not sourcing Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:01 AM PDT I am trying to add a cool smiley when my previous command was success and angry smiley if the command was not success in my terminal. 21:26:30 user@mymachine:~ $ cat ~/.bash_profile export JAVA_HOME="/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_271.jdk/Contents/Home" export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.7/bin:$PATH" alias python=/usr/local/opt/python@3.7/bin/python3 alias pip=/usr/bin/pip3 highlightExitCode(){ if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then echo -e '\xf0\x9f\x98\x8e '; else echo -e '\xf0\x9f\xa4\xa8 '; fi } export PS1="\[\033[1m\]\t\[\033[m\] \[\033[36m\]\u\[\033[m\]@\[\033[32m\]\h:\[\033[33;1m\]\w\[\033[m\] \$(highlightExitCode)\$ "
Added this code in my .bash_profile and trying to source it. But getting this error. 21:30:45 user@mymachine:~ $ source ~/.bash_profile -bash: /Users/user/.bash_profile: line 9: syntax error near unexpected token `then' -bash: /Users/user/.bash_profile: line 9: ` if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then'
line number 9 is the if condition. I tried many combinations of removing the square bracket or the ';' but no luck. What am I missing here ? I am running bash shell 21:30:46 user@mymachine:~ $ echo $0 -bash
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| shift; shift versus shift 2 when using bash Posted: 19 Oct 2021 11:00 AM PDT Have encountered some statements that shift; shift is better than shift 2 when using bash, but I need some convincing explanation. What happens with shift; shift and how does it handle things better in case of problems with how positional arguments are passed?  |
| Multiple concurrent X/Wayland users on different monitors? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:57 AM PDT Scenario: I'm running KDE5 on OpenSUSE Tumbleweed with separate "work" and "personal" accounts. I'm logging into these concurrently on TTY7 and TTY8 and can switch between them with C-M-F7/8. On a single screen this is fine, but with multiple monitors, it would be nice to be able to have one screen mapped to each session. Is this possible?  |
| What is the canonical way to run a .sh from file manager? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:57 AM PDT Hope, this belongs here and not e.g. on SU. I would like to make my life a bit easier and therefore want to be able to run a script.sh from file manager. This is possible in other distributions (or their software/presets), but I don't want to switch to another FM just for this. The file is executable as per chmod +x script.sh. I'm using openSUSE Leap version 15.1 with Plasma, Gnome or IceWM as a window-manager if this is important. The kernel is 4.12.14-lp151.28.91-default and I have Files (Gnome) 3.26.2, but I'm sure that this also applies to many other configurations. Dolphin would also be an option for File Management. I also tried to configure a .desktop-file like suggested here, but didn't get it right.  |
| Recover content of text file that has been replaced with another text file which has the same name Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:50 AM PDT I have saved a text file using Gedit text editor in my /home/Desktop directory. Unfortunately there was already a text file with the same name there, so its content has been lost. I use Ubuntu 16.04 and ext4 filesystem. This question explains how to recover its content if you remember some text of the file that has been replaced: Can overwritten files be recovered? It uses this command: grep -i -a -B100 -A100 'text in the deleted file' /dev/sda1 > recovered-text.txt The problem is that I can not remember some of the text of the lost file. It was an old file which I had not opened in a long time. Is there a way to retrieve it if I only know the name of that text file? Is there a chance that the filename is saved as metadata in disk next to the file content which I could grep? Any suggestions?  |
| Multiple IFS variables Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:49 AM PDT I have recently been dumped onto a project that requires the use of bash script. The programme reads a csv file and produces a transaction record based on the data inside csv. I will apologise now as my understanding of this language is limited. Basically the problem I am having is with IFS = -r. When I started on this project, this programme had been written for a single transaction, however, I now need to expand this to read multiple transactions. What I have so far is this. recordcount =0 while IFS=, read -r rectype common1 common2 common3 do if [ $recordcount -eq 0 ] then trblank = "000 000 000" echo $trblank > $outputto else if [ $rectype = "1000" ] then printf -v common1 "%05g" $common1 printf -v common2 %5.5s "$common2" printf -v common3 %2.2s "$common3" printf -v var1 "05g "$var1" else if [ $rectype = "1001" ] then printf -v common1 "%05g" $common1 printf -v common2 %5.5s "$common2" printf -v common3 %2.2s "$common3" printf -v var2 %3.3s "%var2" printf - var3 %2.2s "%var3" fi fi recordcount=$((recordcount+1)) done < $inputfile printf -v rc "%xd" $((recordcount)) tlr="trailer record" echo "$tlr" >> $outputto
In reality there are dozens of transactions with multiple variables in each. If I add the variables after the common variables in the IFS= they are picking up blanks because they are expecting all variables to follow on from the common ones. For the transactions to be picked up it would need to read: IFS=, read -r rectype common1 common2 common3 var1 - transaction 1 IFS=, read -r rectype common1 common2 common3 var2 var3 - transaction2
I have tried adding these transactions into separate functions with their own while IFS loop but it causes conflicts and the programme freezes. I have tried to add an array for each, adding it under the if statement, but it isn't picking it up. Any help with this would be much appreciated. Apologies again for my ignorance when it comes to bash.  |
| Sed can not replace when string contains double quotes Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:00 AM PDT Output error from the execution of sed command: sed: -e expression #1, char 14: unterminated `s' command
command file that I am trying to execute: #!/bin/sh old_version='\"version\": \"0.0.0\"' year=$(date +%y) dayOfYear=$(date +%j) version=$year'.'$dayOfYear'.''3434' echo $version filepath="/opt/vsts-agent-linux/_work/5/s/projects/tl-angular-map/package.json" echo $filepath replace="s/"$old_version"/"$version"/g" echo $replace sed -i -e $replace $filepath
The problem is that the string that I am buiding from concatenation is not properly closed because of the double quotes in it.  |
| I don't understand `cat` behaviour when running `</dev/stdin cat | ls` Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:36 AM PDT I know this is a useless command but I would like to understand why, wether in bash or zsh, when I enter </dev/stdin cat | ls, cat will prompt me for input but only but will return after just one line whereas for example </dev/stdin tr -d 'e' | ls will let me input various line until I hit Ctrl + D ?  |
| How to set python 3 as default interpreter in Linux Posted: 19 Oct 2021 09:18 AM PDT I have python 2.x and 3.x installed on my Linux box. but to run the python 3.x I have to type command python3 <cmd> . But i want to update the alias python to point python3 so I don't have to use python3 in command. I tried to update the ~/.bashrc but it does not reflect for all the the users who logged in to same Linuxbox using their own id other option is to run this command alias python=python3 but this has to run every time whenever I login to box. I want permanently set the alias and it should available for all the users.  |
| How can I download specific files recursive, while maintaining folder structure? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:18 AM PDT So, I just downloaded a several folders using rsync, it went something like this: rsync -rzP user@domain:/mnt/file_direction /mnt/Downloads/Files
This worked well for a massive download, however, now I need to just download certain files with a strucutre similar to these: folder_a/folder_1/func/some_file.gz folder_a/folder_2/func/some_file.gz folder_b/folder_1/func/some_file.gz folder_b/folder_2/func/some_file.gz
As you can see, these are files within concatenated folders. All files I need to download have the same format, so there should be no issues there.So, the gist of it is that I need to download just the "some_file.gz" while maintaining folder structure recursive. Any and all help is much appreciated!  |
| How to parse through the SQL output stored in a Shell variable in Bash Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:54 AM PDT This is the shell script I have written to get data from report_data table from "merlin" database. data=$(mysql merlin -BNe 'select * from report_data') echo "$data"
The Output produced is 1 1634036113 701 NULL NULL monitor-localhost-616569842d586 Service latency 0 1 1 0 OK: service latency min/avg/max = 0.00/0.00/0.20 NULL 2 1634036123 701 NULL NULL monitor-localhost-616569842d586 Zombie process 0 1 1 0 OK: 0 zombie process(es) NULL 3 1634036131 701 NULL NULL monitor-localhost-616569842d586 Host orphans 0 1 1 0 OK: Orphaned host checks: NULL
These are the columns present in the table - | id | timestamp | event_type | flags | attrib | host_name | service_description | state | hard | retry | downtime_depth | output | long_output |
I want to use every row as individual entity and want to parse through it.  |
| TTY pre-login in QWERTY instead of AZERTY Posted: 19 Oct 2021 09:58 AM PDT I am french and usually types with AZERTY layout. My TTYs virtual consoles (Ctrl+Alt+fN) are in QWERTY before and after login. It's painful, because I have to log each time in QWERTY. Once logged in I can run loadkeys en (in reality I type loqdkeys en) and it works, I am then in AZERTY until the next reboot. This is very annoying ! In other hand on my graphical session under X (XFCE4 as DE) I am in AZERTY. My distro is a Debian Buster. What I tested : user@host:~$ localectl list-keymaps Failed to read list of keymaps: Aucun fichier ou dossier de ce type
but apparently this is a false positive user@host:~$ localectl System Locale: LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 VC Keymap: fr X11 Layout: fr X11 Model: pc105 X11 Variant: oss_latin9
all seems OK. root@host:~# grep -r loadkeys /etc
no launches in /etc A fresh install of Debian Buster runs correctly in pre-login I type in AZERTY. I'm running out of ideas ...  |
| Unable to mount HDD and concerns over the partition setup Posted: 19 Oct 2021 09:03 AM PDT I recently bought an internal 4TB HDD to add to a Ubuntu machine. This is my first attempt at adding an HDD to an established machine and mounting it to a specific location. Unfortunately, I'm running into some problems and all similar posts I've seen haven't quite resolved my issue. Therefore, I will try and give a complete breakdown of the steps I understood, followed and the errors I'm facing. My version of Ubuntu: Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS Release: 20.04 Codename: focal
Firstly, after many failed efforts at adding a partition to the HDD and mounting the HDD I've killed the table so consider this as my baseline: sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=1M count=10
The disk is /dev/sdc When I use lsblk this is the output (sdc is at the bottom): NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT loop0 7:0 0 55.5M 1 loop /snap/core18/2074 loop1 7:1 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5 loop2 7:2 0 55.4M 1 loop /snap/core18/2128 loop3 7:3 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66 loop4 7:4 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72 loop5 7:5 0 65.1M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515 loop6 7:6 0 65.2M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519 loop7 7:7 0 51M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/542 loop8 7:8 0 51M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/547 loop9 7:9 0 32.3M 1 loop /snap/snapd/13170 loop10 7:10 0 32.4M 1 loop /snap/snapd/13270 sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 465.3G 0 part / sdb 8:16 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 116M 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 506M 0 part └─sdb3 8:19 0 930.9G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 3.7T 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 from
And with sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdc: 3.65 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors Disk model: TOSHIBA MG03ACA4 Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I then use gdisk (I have tried using parted) to assign a partition table with type and name etc. Adding a new partition: Command (? for help): n Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1 First sector (34-7814037134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 2048 Last sector (2048-7814037134, default = 7814037134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 7814037134 Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem) Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Let's look at it with p (print) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 7814037134 3.6 TiB 8300 Linux filesystem
I want to call it store: Command (? for help): c store Using 1 Enter name: store
(after a print) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 7814037134 3.6 TiB 8300 store
Finally write the partition table to disk and exit (with w): Command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc. The operation has completed successfully.
Let's look at the drives and mount points again (lsblk): NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT loop0 7:0 0 55.5M 1 loop /snap/core18/2074 loop1 7:1 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5 loop2 7:2 0 55.4M 1 loop /snap/core18/2128 loop3 7:3 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66 loop4 7:4 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72 loop5 7:5 0 65.1M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515 loop6 7:6 0 65.2M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519 loop7 7:7 0 51M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/542 loop8 7:8 0 51M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/547 loop9 7:9 0 32.3M 1 loop /snap/snapd/13170 loop10 7:10 0 32.4M 1 loop /snap/snapd/13270 sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 465.3G 0 part / sdb 8:16 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 116M 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 506M 0 part └─sdb3 8:19 0 930.9G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 3.7T 0 disk └─sdc1 8:33 0 3.7T 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
I now want to mount my drive to a location called /store (yes, the same name as the partition on sdc1 - I hope that isn't confusing). This is where I run into an error: (base) anthony@Shodan:/dev$ sudo mount -o rw /dev/sdc1 /store mount: /store: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
I am really not sure what to do from here. I've repeated the same process above but using parted. The steps are successful but again it fails when I try mounting. EDIT #1 Thanks for the comments. Turns out I didn't create a filesystem so I executed the following but had an error: (base) anthony@Shodan:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1 [sudo] password for anthony: mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020) Creating filesystem with 976754385 4k blocks and 244195328 inodes Filesystem UUID: d6b2219f-b4fe-490b-bf21-513fec50c625 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (262144 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: mkfs.ext4: Input/output error while writing out and closing file system
I then install smartmodtools and used smartctl to test the new drive but I ran into a further problem: (base) anthony@Shodan:~$ sudo smartctl --smart=on -T permissive /dev/sdc smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-37-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org Short INQUIRY response, skip product id === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION === unable to fetch IEC (SMART) mode page [scsi response fails sanity test] A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.
I'm not sure where to go from here.  |
| How to remove text between two keywords in a textfile Posted: 19 Oct 2021 09:11 AM PDT Context : GNU/Linux Ubuntu. I've a file made of thousands of lines and I'd like to have a script that will remove some lines between 2 specific keywords.
Initial file is like: bla bla ... bla bla keyword1 bla bla ... bla bla keyword2 bla bla ... bla bla
I would like to keep all file except the part between keyword1 and keyword2. Let's consider that keyword1 and keyword2 appear once and only once in the file; these keywords may be preceded or followed by other characters on their lines like spaces or < or > The lines with the keywords on them look like this (they are actually XML-based files): <keyword2>
The keywords can be kept in the file or be removed along with the enclosed text, I'm fine with both outcomes. I did not find out how to proceed using grep. I'm not familiar with awk; could it make it?  |
| How do I close an SSH connection with a background process without killing it? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:32 AM PDT I would like to know how I can close an ssh connection to a linux server where I started a process brought to background (by adding & at the end of it) without killing the process.
If I simply do exit, this seems to kill the process.  |
| Is there a way to recover from "Detected Tx Unit Hang" network errors? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:24 AM PDT After waking from suspend, my Ubuntu 21.04 system had network issues. I'd guess about 50% of IP sockets failed. This included failures of both ssh and ping. By "fail" I mean that a connection attempt blocks, and then eventually times-out. (Aside: maybe ping doesn't use sockets?) I believe all programs that attempted network access encountered the same failure rate. I've been suspending the system every night for several weeks. Today was the first time I had any problems after resuming. I rebooted the system, which seems to have solved the problem (at least until it happens again). After rebooting, I discovered various messages in syslog. I see the below two lines on every suspend: Sep 4 09:00:18 hostname kernel: [896165.908582] igc 0000:b0:00.0: no suspend buffer for PTM Sep 4 09:00:18 hostname kernel: [896165.908589] igc 0000:af:00.0: no suspend buffer for PTM
(Aside: While the above lines refer to events that happened prior to the suspend, I believe the log entries were only created after the system resumed. Consequently, the events actually happened hours before the indicated times.) And two identical lines on every resume: Sep 4 09:00:18 hostname kernel: [896166.257107] igc 0000:af:00.0: no suspend buffer for PTM Sep 4 09:00:18 hostname kernel: [896166.257177] igc 0000:b0:00.0: no suspend buffer for PTM
(Aside: Maybe there are two lines because the system has two built-in NICs?) And here are the log entries that only occurred on my most recent resume, which is when the network problems started: Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214463] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: Register Dump Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214467] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: Register Name Value Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214478] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: CTRL 081c0641 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214481] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: STATUS 40380401 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214483] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: CTRL_EXT 10000040 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214486] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: MDIC 18017949 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214488] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: ICR 00000001 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214490] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: RCTL 04408022 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214497] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: RDLEN[0-3] 00001000 00001000 00001000 00001000 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214504] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: RDH[0-3] 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214511] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: RDT[0-3] 000000ff 000000ff 000000ff 000000ff Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214518] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: RXDCTL[0-3] 02040808 02040808 02040808 02040808 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214525] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: RDBAL[0-3] 2e35d000 51576000 337b2000 29a5b000 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214532] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: RDBAH[0-3] 00000001 00000001 00000002 00000001 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214534] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: TCTL a50400fa Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214541] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: TDBAL[0-3] 2e35d000 51576000 337b2000 29a5b000 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214548] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: TDBAH[0-3] 00000001 00000002 00000001 00000001 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214555] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: TDLEN[0-3] 00001000 00001000 00001000 00001000 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214562] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: TDH[0-3] 00000007 00000009 00000004 00000000 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214568] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: TDT[0-3] 0000000d 00000011 00000004 00000001 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214575] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: TXDCTL[0-3] 02100108 02100108 02100108 02100108 Sep 4 09:00:19 hostname kernel: [896168.214576] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: Reset adapter
And then there were many (over 19,000) entries like the below: Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] igc 0000:b0:00.0 enp176s0: Detected Tx Unit Hang Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] Tx Queue <1> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] TDH <9> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] TDT <9> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] next_to_use <9> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] next_to_clean <9> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] buffer_info[next_to_clean] Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] time_stamp <10d596f4c> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] next_to_watch <000000002b25478e> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] jiffies <10d59ad90> Sep 4 09:01:22 hostname kernel: [896231.189109] desc.status <0>
My question is, other than a full system reboot, is there some way I can manually reset/reboot the network interface from the command line? The system is a desktop workstation, so I have keyboard access. After rebooting, I realized that maybe I should try re-suspending and re-waking the system. But I only thought of that after doing the full reboot.  |
| Docker 20.10.x keeps system waiting for several minutes before shutdown or reboot Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:38 AM PDT I have successfully upgraded my Debian buster to latest version (Bullseye) and after that, whenever I want to reboot or shut it down, it takes several minutes to complete while waiting for some process to finish with these messages: watchdog: watchdog0: watchdog did not stop! systemd-shutdown[1]: Syncing filesystem and block devices. systemd-shutdown[1]: Sending SIGTERM to remaining process... systemd-journald[372]: Received SIGTERM from PID 1 (systemd-shutdown). systemd-shutdown[1]: waiting for process: containerd-shim.
I've got docker installed on my system which seems to be the cause of problem. $ ps aux | grep containerd-shim root 3420 0.0 0.1 1451744 21876 ? Sl 11:07 0:00 /usr/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 -namespace moby -id 0dd6b89a62d...66cc5c0a44b6f01d77c -address /run/containerd/containerd.sock $ dpkg -S /usr/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 containerd: /usr/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 $ aptitude why containerd i docker.io Depends containerd
I've tried stopping dockers' service/socket before rebooting the system. Nothing changed. Any idea how to resolve this?
$ docker version Client: Version: 20.10.5+dfsg1 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.15.9 Git commit: 55c4c88 Built: Wed Aug 4 19:55:57 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: true Server: Engine: Version: 20.10.5+dfsg1 API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.15.9 Git commit: 363e9a8 Built: Wed Aug 4 19:55:57 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.4.5~ds1 GitCommit: 1.4.5~ds1-2 runc: Version: 1.0.0~rc93+ds1 GitCommit: 1.0.0~rc93+ds1-5+b2 docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit:
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| Nmap 7.8 Assertion failed: htn.toclock_running == true Posted: 19 Oct 2021 09:12 AM PDT All of a sudden, nmap throws the following error after executing the canonical sudo nmap -sP 192.168.109.* : nmap: Target.cc:503: void Target::stopTimeOutClock(const timeval*): Assertion `htn.toclock_running == true' failed. Tried to reboot PC, restart switch, router and grandma but none worked. Nmap version is 7.8 on Ubuntu 20.  |
| How does /proc/cpuinfo detect the CPU model? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:05 AM PDT I have a server which displays the following information in dmidecode output for CPU: Handle 0x000D, DMI type 4, 35 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: CPU 1 Type: Central Processor Family: Xeon Manufacturer: GenuineIntel ID: FB 06 00 00 01 03 00 00 Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 11 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) Version: Intel Xeon Voltage: 1.2 V External Clock: 266 MHz Max Speed: 3733 MHz Current Speed: 2000 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: ZIF Socket L1 Cache Handle: 0x0009 L2 Cache Handle: 0x000A L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided Serial Number: Not Specified Asset Tag: Not Specified Part Number: Not Specified
Based on Max Speed, I would guess that it is a Xeon 5080 CPU. However, according to /proc/cpuinfo, it is Xeon E5335: # grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5335 @ 2.00GHz model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5335 @ 2.00GHz model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5335 @ 2.00GHz model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5335 @ 2.00GHz #
When I check the flags/features listed in /proc/cpuinfo, then it shows ssse3, which is supported in Xeon 5080 and not in Xeon E5335. How does /proc/cpuinfo detect the CPU model?  |
| Sum multiple columns Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:01 AM PDT I need to do multiple sums; my input file is: DATE|NATION|CITY|FILES|REVENUE|FREQUENCY|INVESTMENT 20170807|USA|VIRGINIA|TIMES|1919150|1779|282075 20170807|USA|NYC|ROADS|92877|41|1599 20170808|USA|PENS|ROADS|133001|7|1 20170808|USA|NYC|TIMES|361625|1592|0
- Sum $5 in every uniq of $1 (date)
- sum $5 in every uniq where $4=="TIMES"
- sum $5 in every uniq where $4=="ROADS"
- sum $5 in every uniq where $4=="ROADS" and $3=="NYC"
- arrange based on column $1
my expected output DATE|REV|TIMES|ROADS|ROADS&NYC 20170807|2012027|1919150|92877|92877 20170808|494626|361625|133001|0
I only know how to sum based on 1 column awk -F"|" '{FS=OFS="|"}{col[$1]+=$5} END {for (i in col) print i, col[i]}'
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| Apache - Allow access for folders starting with / Posted: 19 Oct 2021 08:09 AM PDT I'm running apache in a linux environment. I've to serve files whose directory structure have "/." in it. Now, apache by default won't allow files with /. To remove the constraint, I've included the following entry in httpd conf. <DirectoryMatch "^.|/."> Order allow,deny Allow from all </DirectoryMatch> /content/url/test/.NET/sample/abc.html /content/xyz/.BETA/sample/test.html  |
| Serve Internet to remote machine via SSH session? Posted: 19 Oct 2021 10:32 AM PDT The machine via which I'm SSHing to the remote/host machine (same network/LAN) has access to the Internet but the host doesn't. Running updates and installing packages on the host gets quite inconvenient because then I have to start a proxy locally and then configure the remote machine to use it. So I was wondering if there is a easier way of doing this via, maybe, SSH or something else? I have a realization of the complexities that lie within, but was curious to know. Using plink through Emacs (if it matters).  |
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