| How does mount know that it's a cifs mount without -t? Posted: 06 May 2021 10:40 AM PDT So this command: /bin/mount -o soft,cache=none,rw,nosuid,noexec,pass="" //$ServerIP/share $LocalDir works, but I thought it'd need -t cifs added. I see the man page says If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is specified, mount will try to guess the desired type. Mount uses the blkid or volume_id library for guessing the filesystem type; if that does not turn up anything that looks familiar, mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems, or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems. All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems ends in a line with a single * only, mount will read /proc/filesystems afterwards. But my /etc/filesystems doesn't have cifs and my /proc/filesystems has nodev cifs. So how does blkid or volume_id work in my case? Does mount assume cifs once it sees the double slashes(//) or is there some other method? Is there documentation that explains this?  |
| How can I save variables in awk? Posted: 06 May 2021 10:48 AM PDT How can I print the filename and the result of 1/2*(a+b), where a is the 1st field of the 2nd line and b is the 1st field of the last line please? I do not know how to save the values into variables as constants. Many thanks awk -v a=$(NR==2{print $1}) b=$(END(print $1)) '{print FILENAME, 1/2*(a+b)}' rv*.out
file1 4 5 6 1 2 6 2 3 5 7 8 6
file2 1 2 3 8 6 8 8 8 7 1
Desired result: file1 4 file2 5
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| rEFInd boot manager on multiple boot machine - the windows 10 entry has vanished! Posted: 06 May 2021 10:32 AM PDT I have migrated some old linux systems from an MBR based laptop with a dead GPU to a new machine and thought it would be best to keep things as simple as possible. So I disabled the CSM and specified UEFI in a number of places on the UEFI firmware setup screens. Naturally I followed the tutorials found elsewhere and set up the disks with ESP partitions where relevant. At this point I am able to boot into the various linux sytems. But then I noticed that the Microsoft Windows 10 icon/entry had disappeared from the rEFInd welcome screen. It looks like I did something I shouldn't have. Apparently rEFInd is no longer able to find the Windows bootloader so I may have accidentally removed it? Now the question is how would I go about figuring out what's broken in my setup (and possibly fix it)? Not sure what kind of documentation might help diagnose. Here's the output of the gdisk command on the two disks that matter: GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.6 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB Model: CT500MX500SSD1 Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): D63EB811-6D72-455C-9605-37C5D8507BF7 Partition table holds up to 128 entries Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33 First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 705976301 sectors (336.6 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI system partition 2 66635776 271437823 97.7 GiB 8300 5 1050624 66635775 31.3 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem Command (? for help): q ___________________________________________________________________________________ root@pavo:~# gdisk /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.6 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 500118192 sectors, 238.5 GiB Model: KINGSTON OM8P0S3 Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): C70C063F-76CE-4D90-B234-A85625B4E965 Partition table holds up to 128 entries Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33 First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 500118158 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 187148909 sectors (89.2 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 206847 100.0 MiB EF00 EFI system partition 2 206848 468991 128.0 MiB 0C01 Microsoft reserved ... 3 468992 170446847 81.1 GiB 0700 Basic data partition 4 498126848 500117503 972.0 MiB 2700 Basic data partition 5 170446848 229040127 27.9 GiB 8300 6 229040128 229044223 2.0 MiB EF02 7 229044224 310964223 39.1 GiB 8300 8 310964224 310980607 8.0 MiB 0700 Command (? for help): q root@pavo:~# ```
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| ZSH Menu Select Autocomplete: VIM navigation & search functionality. Is it possible? Posted: 06 May 2021 10:30 AM PDT - Is there an option I can set to allow these to work together?
H,J,K,L (VIM keybinds): Navigate menu select rows & columns/ (Search Toggle) that temporarily disables the VIM bindings zstyle ':completion:*:*:*:*:*' menu select # always use menu select zmodload zsh/complist bindkey -M menuselect '/' history-incremental-search-forward bindkey -M menuselect 'h' vi-backward-char bindkey -M menuselect 'k' vi-up-line-or-history bindkey -M menuselect 'l' vi-forward-char bindkey -M menuselect 'j' vi-down-line-or-history
Can you combine menu_complete (first match immediately populates) and menu-select into a single keypress (TAB)? Is there a keybind option to undo an accidental autocomplete acceptance? Thanks!  |
| mktemp creates file in pwd rather than in /tmp Posted: 06 May 2021 10:43 AM PDT Previously mktemp used to create files in /tmp. Today I noticed that mktemp is creating file in $PWD rather than in /tmp? Did I change something inadvertently? Any suggestions to fix this?
Note: I am able to do: ls /tmp $ mktemp --version mktemp (GNU coreutils) 8.30
$ echo $TMPDIR $
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| Strange terminal behaviour when modifing PS1 [duplicate] Posted: 06 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT Problem Hello! Recently I changed my bash PS1 to make it easy to see my current working directory/username. Unfortunately, this led to the following "features": - When nearing the end of the command prompt (about 3/4 of the way in), the cursor wraps back to the start and begins to overwrite text, sometimes on the previous line
- When using the up/down arrow keys to select previous commands, the cursor can jump to the middle of the screen.
See also I also found this article which suggests an error in PS1... I believe this to be the case, however, this doesn't appear to fix the problems I'm seeing here. Details The output of echo $PS1: \[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]\033[0;34m[\033[0m \u \033[34m: \W ]\033[0;0m%
Operating System / Hardware Ubuntu Linux 20.04 operating system, AMD x86 64 bit architecture.  |
| main.cpp:4:10: fatal error: Car.h: No such file or directory Posted: 06 May 2021 10:28 AM PDT i am using zybook and it requires for me to created a program that maintains the inventory of a car rental agency. The three files for this program are: car.h - Class declaration, car.cpp - Class definition, main.cpp - main() function and other functions as described when I wrote the program i am getting an error; main.cpp:4:10: fatal error: Car.h: No such file or directory 4 | #include "Car.h" | ^~~~~~~ compilation terminated. car.cpp:3:10: fatal error: Car.h: No such file or directory 3 | #include "Car.h" | ^~~~~~~ compilation terminated.
here is my code; #include <iostream> #include <string.h> #include <vector> #include "Car.h" #include <algorithm> using namespace std; void addCar(vector<Car>& cars); //bool deleteCar(vector<Car>& cars); bool updateCarCondition(vector<Car>& cars); void displayCar(vector<Car>& cars); void displayAllCars(vector<Car>& cars); bool rentCar(vector<Car>& cars); bool returnCar(vector<Car>& cars); int main(){ char option; vector<Car> cars; while (true){ cout << "CAR RENTAL AGENCY MENU" << endl; cout << "a - Add car to inventory" << endl; cout << "d - Delete car by id from inventory" << endl; cout << "u - Update car by id condition in inventory" << endl; cout << "s - Display one car by id from inventory" << endl; cout << "i - Display list of all cars in inventory" << endl; cout << "c - Rent a car by id in inventory" << endl; cout << "r - Return a car by id in inventory" << endl; cout << "q - Quit" << endl; cout << "Choose an option: " << endl; cin >> option; cin.ignore(); cout << endl; switch(option){ case 'a': addCar(cars); break; //case 'd': deleteCar(cars); //break; case 'u': updateCarCondition(cars); break; case 's': displayCar(cars); break; case 'i': displayAllCars(cars); break; case 'c': rentCar(cars); break; case 'r': returnCar(cars); break; case 'q': break; default: cout << "Please enter a valid option" << endl; } } return 0; } void addCar(vector<Car>& cars){ int id, year; string model, make, condition; cout << "ADD CAR TO INVENTORY" << endl; cout << "Enter an ID: " << endl; cin >> id; cout << "Enter the make: " << endl; cin >> make; cout << "Enter the model: " << endl; cin >> model; cout << "Enter the year: " << endl; cin >> year; cout << "Enter the condition (new, slighty_used, used): " << endl; cin >> condition; Car car(id, make, model, year, condition); cars.push_back(car); } /*bool deleteCar(vector<Car>& cars){ cout << "REMOVE CAR FROM INVENTORY" << endl; int id; cout << "Enter the ID of the car to delete: " << endl; cin >> id; vector<Car>::iterator it; for (int i = 0; i < cars.size(); i++){ if (cars.at(i).Getid() == id){ //Car const& const_car = cars.at(i); //std::vector<Car>::iterator itr = std::find(cars.begin(), cars.end(), const_car); it = cars.at(i); cars.erase(it); return true; } } return false; }*/ bool updateCarCondition(vector<Car>& cars){ cout << "UPDARE CAR CONDITION IN INVENTORY" << endl; int id; string condition; cout << "Enter the ID of the car to update condition: " << endl; cin >> id; cout << "Enter the condition (new, slighty_used, used): " << endl; cin >> condition; for (int i = 0; i < cars.size(); i++){ if (cars.at(i).Getid() == id){ cars.at(i).Setcondition(condition); return true; } } return false; } void displayCar(vector<Car>& cars){ cout << "DISPLAY CAR IN INVENTORY" << endl; int id; cout << "Enter the ID of the car to display: " << endl; cin >> id; for (int i = 0; i < cars.size(); i++){ if (cars.at(i).Getid() == id){ cars.at(i).displayCar(); break; } } } void displayAllCars(vector<Car>& cars){ cout << "DISPLAY ALL CARS IN INVENTORY" << endl; for (int i = 0; i < cars.size(); i++){ cars.at(i).displayCar(); } } bool rentCar(vector<Car>& cars){ cout << "RENT CAR IN INVENTORY" << endl; int id; cout << "Enter the ID of the car to rent: " << endl; cin >> id; for (int i = 0; i < cars.size(); i++){ if (cars.at(i).Getid() == id){ if (cars.at(i).Getrented()){ cout << "Car is already rented" << endl; return false; } else if (cars.at(i).Getrented() == false){ cout << "Car has been successfully rented to you" << endl; cars.at(i).toggleRented(); return true; } } } cout << "Car " << id << " not found in inventory" << endl; return false; } bool returnCar(vector<Car>& cars){ cout << "RENT CAR TO INVENTORY" << endl; int id; cout << "Enter the ID of the car to return: " << endl; cin >> id; for (int i = 0; i < cars.size(); i++){ if (cars.at(i).Getid() == id){ if (cars.at(i).Getrented()){ cars.at(i).toggleRented(); cout << "Car returned successfully!!" << endl; return true; } } } cout << "Car " << id << " not found in inventory" << endl; return false; }
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| Can't create /etc/passwd.xxx file but can create /etc/test file in centos Posted: 06 May 2021 09:56 AM PDT I'm using an AWS image that for some reason is configured such that I can't seem to create any file named /etc/passwd.xxx (insert anything for the x). I can create files named test, test.xxx etc, it seems to only forbid creating the file if it starts with passwd. This is a problem because the groupmod command tries to create a passwd.xxxxx, where the x are random numbers, file whenever it is run. Presumably after creating the file it would switch the passwd with passwd.xxxxx file, but it doesn't get that far because it fails to create the passwd.xxxxx file. This in turn causes my ansible scripts to fail if a group I'm creating already exists with a different GID. So the question is why would only files with a specific structure be refused to be created while all other files can be created. Strace gives the, less then useful error open("/etc/passwd.23491" O_WRONGLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC 0600) = -1 EACCESS (Permission denied)
I'm using sudo for everything. /etc has 755 permissions and lsattr for /etc is ---------I--e-- /etc
I already checked and capital I is not the same as lower case i. cap I means it's indexed using hashed trees Why can't I create passwd.xxxx files and how do I fix it to allow that?  |
| pacman commands Posted: 06 May 2021 09:54 AM PDT I am new to Arch-Based distro. usage: pacman <operation> [...] operations: pacman {-h --help} pacman {-V --version} pacman {-D --database} <options> <package(s)> pacman {-F --files} [options] [package(s)] pacman {-Q --query} [options] [package(s)] pacman {-R --remove} [options] <package(s)> pacman {-S --sync} [options] [package(s)] pacman {-T --deptest} [options] [package(s)] pacman {-U --upgrade} [options] <file(s)> use 'pacman {-h --help}' with an operation for available options
But, I was searching on Internet how to "update" from command line. I noticed they said to use the following command. sudo pacman -Syyu
S is used for syncing and u is used for upgrading but, why I should use y or yy. Even, I can install any package using following commands.
sudo pacman -S <package name> sudo pacman -Sy <package name>
Both of them are doing same thing but, why people uses y.  |
| wrong serial port speed (multiplied by 8) - CentOS 7 Posted: 06 May 2021 09:45 AM PDT I´m trying to set the baud rate of my serial port using stty -F /dev/ttyS0 9600 the problem is that i check on the oscilloscope I get a 8 times faster baud rate so I need to configure 1200 to get 9600 and this applies for all other typical speeds. Does anyone knows the reason of this if there is a way to adjust the clock speed, PLL or any clock multiplier or divisor on the system?  |
| why is my kwallet and gnome keyring empty even though chromium passwords are encrypted? Posted: 06 May 2021 09:30 AM PDT I have --password-store=kwallet5 in my chromium-flags.conf and this is supposed to make chromium use kwallet to store the password encryption keys. But when I check kwallet manager, chromium keys (0) and I cant find anything written in the folder. Same when open seahorse to if its secretly using gnome-keyring. I opened Login Data file in my user profile with sqlitebrowser, it showes that the password blob starts with V11 which means its encrypted (V10 means unecrypted/ using hardcoded key). So where is the key stored if not kwallet? chromium 90 on archlinux. I also have set prompt when application access a wallet setting in kwallet access control settings, and its not showing any message when I open chromium and save a password. Are my passwords safe? If yes, why is my kwallet or gnome-keyring is empty?  |
| syntax error in awk Posted: 06 May 2021 09:34 AM PDT #!/usr/bin/awk userinput='Hello World!' userinput=$userinput awk ' BEGIN { s = ENVIRON["userinput"] "\n" n = length(s) while (1) printf "%s", substr(s,int(1+rand()*n),1) }'
Whenever I run above code I get following error. awk: cmd. line:1: pass.awk
awk: cmd. line:1: ^ syntax error #!/usr/bin/awk awk '{ s = $0 "\n" n = length(s) while (1) printf "%s", substr(s,int(1+rand()*n),1) }'
awk: cmd. line:1: pass.awk
awk: cmd. line:1: ^ syntax error I am getting same error both time. But, I am not getting any error when I write those code and run in terminal. It was little bit weird for me. Cause, I am new to awk. That may be a typo error I am not sure. I had saved the file name as pass.awk. Running this way awk pass.awk or, awk pass.awk hello  |
| How is rpm unable to check digest on files? Posted: 06 May 2021 09:08 AM PDT We're running a tool to detect changes in package files for file integrity monitoring (FIM). The command used is rpm -a -V --nolinkto --nouser --nogroup --nordev --nomode --nodeps --nomtime --nosize
with some filtering added so that the next stage receives only a list of non-config files which have changes. We're getting a bunch of false positives because rpm can't check the digest on a bunch of files: ..?...... /sbin/biosdevname ..?...... /sbin/lspci ..?...... /sbin/setpci ..?...... /usr/libexec/hald-addon-macbook-backlight ..?...... /usr/libexec/hald-addon-macbookpro-backlight ..?...... /usr/sbin/efibootmgr
The man page says this is usually because the permissions on the file prevent the check, but rpm is run as root and there is no SELinux available. Server is running RHEL 6. What would cause rpm to be unable to check the digest on a file, and is there any way to actually see what digest value the rpm database is attempting to compare with the freshly calculated digest? (Of course, if there is no digest in the database, that would cause this and we would want to know that before digging deeper.)  |
| Linux interface configuration Posted: 06 May 2021 08:51 AM PDT I need to be able to configure my computer's IP address through the /etc/networks/interfaces file which has the following text auto wlo1 iface wlo1 inet static address 192.168.1.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.254 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
But it doesn't work, when I try to restart my network error, it shows the following error ● networking.service - Raise network interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/networking.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2021-04-29 08:40:17 CDT; 6h ago Docs: man:interfaces(5) Main PID: 716 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) abr 29 08:40:15 my_pc ifup[716]: ifup: failed to bring up lo abr 29 08:40:15 my_pc ifup[716]: ifup: waiting for lock on /run/network/ifstate.wlo1 abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc ifup[1760]: Reading package lists... abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc ifup[1760]: E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock. It is held by proces> abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc ifup[1760]: E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/ abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc ifup[1741]: run-parts: /etc/network/if-up.d/update exited with return code 100 abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc ifup[716]: ifup: post-up script failed abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc systemd[1]: networking.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAIL> abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc systemd[1]: networking.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. abr 29 08:40:17 my_pc systemd[1]: Failed to start Raise network interfaces.
The network service runs the following command /sbin/ifup -a --read-environment
I used a workaround which consists of writing the /run/network/ifstate.lo, which already contains lo, with wlo1=wlo1 which is the interface i need to configure.I did the same in wlo1 file $echo wlo1>> /run/network/ifstate.wlo1
Obviously this solution only works during runtime and stops working at reboot I read in the ubuntu forum and found that the problem could be related to the Network Manager, and they propose writing [ifupdown] managed=false in the network service configuration file /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, but when I reboot my system there is no internet connection.  |
| OpenVPN AWS - VPN Connection Failed when enable on Network Manager Ubuntu Groovy Posted: 06 May 2021 08:48 AM PDT I am having to troubleshoot attaching OpenVPN AWS .ovpn file to my ubuntu 20.10 Network Manager. I tried troubleshooting using these articles: How can I troubleshoot "VPN Connection Failed"? VPN service connection failed because the VPN service failed to start Nothing works. May 6 08:27:59 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314879.3003] audit: op="connection-update" uuid="46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3" name="client" args="vpn.data" pid=75463 uid=1000 result="success" May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314885.7743] audit: op="connection-activate" uuid="46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3" name="client" pid=75463 uid=1000 result="success" May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314885.7848] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: Started the VPN service, PID 75519 May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314885.8058] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: Saw the service appear; activating connection May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314885.8588] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: VPN plugin: state changed: starting (3) May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314885.8589] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: VPN connection: (ConnectInteractive) reply received May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: DEPRECATED OPTION: --cipher set to 'AES-256-CBC' but missing in --data-ciphers (AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM). Future OpenVPN version will ignore --cipher for cipher negotiations. Add 'xxx-xxx-xxx' to --data-ciphers or change --cipher 'xxx-xxx-xxx' to --data-ciphers-fallback 'xxx-xxx-xxx' to silence this warning. May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: OpenVPN 2.5.1 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD] built on Apr 27 2021 May 6 08:28:05 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1j 16 Feb 2021, LZO 2.10 May 6 08:28:06 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:06 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:06 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:06 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link local: (not bound) May 6 08:28:06 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:06 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: chroot will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay May 6 08:28:06 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: UID/GID downgrade will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay May 6 08:28:10 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Server poll timeout, restarting May 6 08:28:10 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[soft,server_poll] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:10 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:10 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:10 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:10 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link local: (not bound) May 6 08:28:10 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:14 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Server poll timeout, restarting May 6 08:28:14 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[soft,server_poll] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:14 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:14 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:14 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:14 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Attempting to establish TCP connection with [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx [nonblock] May 6 08:28:18 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP: connect to [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx failed: Connection timed out May 6 08:28:18 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[connection failed(soft),init_instance] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:23 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:23 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:23 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:23 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link local: (not bound) May 6 08:28:23 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:27 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Server poll timeout, restarting May 6 08:28:27 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[soft,server_poll] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:27 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:27 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:27 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:27 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link local: (not bound) May 6 08:28:27 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:31 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Server poll timeout, restarting May 6 08:28:31 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[soft,server_poll] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:31 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:31 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:31 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:31 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link local: (not bound) May 6 08:28:31 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:35 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Server poll timeout, restarting May 6 08:28:35 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[soft,server_poll] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:35 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:35 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:35 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:35 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link local: (not bound) May 6 08:28:35 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:39 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Server poll timeout, restarting May 6 08:28:39 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[soft,server_poll] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:39 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:39 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:39 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:39 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link local: (not bound) May 6 08:28:39 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:28:43 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: Server poll timeout, restarting May 6 08:28:43 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGUSR1[soft,server_poll] received, process restarting May 6 08:28:43 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: WARNING: --ns-cert-type is DEPRECATED. Use --remote-cert-tls instead. May 6 08:28:43 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts May 6 08:28:43 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxx May 6 08:29:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <warn> [1620314945.8071] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: VPN connection: connect timeout exceeded. May 6 08:29:05 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn-serv[75519]: Connect timer expired, disconnecting. May 6 08:29:05 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4) May 6 08:29:05 krillavilla-OMN nm-openvpn[75525]: SIGTERM[hard,] received, process exiting May 6 08:29:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <warn> [1620314945.8139] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: VPN plugin: failed: connect-failed (1) May 6 08:29:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314945.8139] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: VPN plugin: state changed: stopping (5) May 6 08:29:05 krillavilla-OMN NetworkManager[59705]: <info> [1620314945.8140] vpn-connection[0x564e735e02b0,46b75e3d-9fa4-45f0-bd59-b2990749c6d3,"client",0]: VPN plugin: state changed: stopped (6)
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| FilesMatch htaccess syntax pain for apache 2.4 Posted: 06 May 2021 08:43 AM PDT someone please tell me why this doesn't work in .htaccess? #grant access if word-processing format <FilesMatch "\.([Pp][Dd][Ff]|[Dd][Oo][Cc][Xx]?|[Rr][Tt][Ff]|[Oo][Dd][Tt]|[Tt][Xx][Tt]|[Ww][Pp][Dd])$"> Require all granted </FilesMatch> #deny access for double file extensions <FilesMatch ".*\.([^.]+)\.([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$"> Require all denied </FilesMatch>
If I look at this any longer I'll have pulled all my hair out!  |
| How to find the line containing most words from a wordlist between randomly generated strings Posted: 06 May 2021 09:06 AM PDT I want to get the line containing most words from a wordlist in my ls output. In my case its onion v3 addresses as directories and i want to get the most readable one. Example line: vww6ybal4bd7szmgncyruucpgfkqahzddi37ktceo3ah7ngmcopnpyyd.onion  |
| Displaying number of columns and items in columns using a for loop Posted: 06 May 2021 09:21 AM PDT I'm writing a BASH script that asks a user for the number of columns and the number of items to put in the columns. The script will then put the numbers in the columns using for loops. # Number of columns cols=$1 # Number of items num=$2 # Iterator variable count=1 # Number of rows rows=$(( ($num + ($cols - 1)) / $cols )) for x in $(seq 1 1 $rows) do for y in $(seq 1 1 $cols) do echo -ne "$count\t" (( count++ )) done echo "" done
For example, if I enter 6 columns with 28 items this is what the output should look like. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
However, this is the output I get with the current code. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Thanks in advance for everyone's help!  |
| Create Numbers 1-6 in random order using AWK Posted: 06 May 2021 10:20 AM PDT I'm using AWK to generate values between 1 - 6 which need to come out in random order. I have managed to sort out the logic for the creation of the right range of numbers but am struggling with reading those in to an array to prevent duplicate numbers being output. Currently my code has this;- BEGIN{ FS="" }{ for (i=1; i<=6; ++i) { v=(int (rand()*6)+1 print v }
This currently outputs six numbers but shows duplicates 2, 2, 6, 1, 4, 2. What I need the output to be is something like 1, 4, 2, 5, 6, 3 Can anyone please help with the array side of this for my AWK program? Many thanks  |
| How to disable auto mounting of root partition during systemd init embedded Linux Posted: 06 May 2021 10:05 AM PDT I am trying to reduce the boot time with embedded Linux based on yocto. One of the things I observed is the systemd is mounting the root partition which is passed as an kernel argument. The root partition is mounted already by the kernel, so I want to gain some time on this. Debugging, I commented the /etc/fstab, but still it was coming. I think it come through udev rules when it detects device. Looking into this now. Does anyone knows how to disable the remount of root partition in systemd ?  |
| Built In Speakers do not work, headphones do, USB speakers do Posted: 06 May 2021 08:44 AM PDT I have an HP All-in-one, (HP Pavilion All-in-One 24-xa0xxx), and everything has appeared to work on linux, except the built in speakers. The headphone jack works fine. I am running Arch Linux, but this isn't because of Arch, because it has not worked on Ubuntu. I have tried editing the file in /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output-speaker.conf but that did almost nothing. On pavucontrol, it just says Speakers (Unavailable). I have also tried editing /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf, but to no avail also. Right now I have some USB speakers, they work fine, but they are a hassle because they take up an extra USB slot and have worse sound.Any help would be greatly appreciated. None of the tutorials or forum posts ever helped, and wildly ranged in answers. % lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 8th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 07) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Desktop) 00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th/8th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model 00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Thermal Controller (rev 10) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller (rev 10) 00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Shared SRAM (rev 10) 00:14.5 SD Host controller: Intel Corporation Device a375 (rev 10) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH HECI Controller (rev 10) 00:17.0 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation SATA Controller [RAID mode] (rev 10) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f0) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #6 (rev f0) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation H370 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller (rev 10) 00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH cAVS (rev 10) 00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SMBus Controller (rev 10) 00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SPI Controller (rev 10) 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15) 02:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8822BE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac WiFi adapter
% pacmd list-sinks 2 sink(s) available. * index: 0 name: <alsa_output.usb-CD002_CD002_CD002-01.analog-stereo> driver: <module-alsa-card.c> flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY state: IDLE suspend cause: (none) priority: 9049 volume: front-left: 34182 / 52%, front-right: 32897 / 50% balance -0.04 base volume: 65536 / 100% volume steps: 256 muted: no current latency: 1566.65 ms max request: 375 KiB max rewind: 375 KiB monitor source: 0 sample spec: s16le 2ch 48000Hz channel map: front-left,front-right Stereo used by: 0 linked by: 0 configured latency: 2000.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms card: 0 <alsa_card.usb-CD002_CD002_CD002-01> module: 6 properties: alsa.resolution_bits = "16" device.api = "alsa" device.class = "sound" alsa.class = "generic" alsa.subclass = "generic-mix" alsa.name = "USB Audio" alsa.id = "USB Audio" alsa.subdevice = "0" alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0" alsa.device = "0" alsa.card = "1" alsa.card_name = "CD002" alsa.long_card_name = "CD002 CD002 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, full speed" alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio" device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.1" sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.1/sound/card1" udev.id = "usb-CD002_CD002_CD002-01" device.bus = "usb" device.vendor.id = "e2b7" device.vendor.name = "Jie Li" device.product.id = "0811" device.product.name = "CD002" device.serial = "CD002_CD002_CD002" device.string = "front:1" device.buffering.buffer_size = "384000" device.buffering.fragment_size = "192000" device.access_mode = "mmap+timer" device.profile.name = "analog-stereo" device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo" device.description = "CD002 Analog Stereo" module-udev-detect.discovered = "1" device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb" ports: analog-output: Analog Output (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown) properties: active port: <analog-output> index: 1 name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo> driver: <module-alsa-card.c> flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY state: RUNNING suspend cause: (none) priority: 9039 volume: front-left: 62899 / 96% / -1.07 dB, front-right: 62899 / 96% / -1.07 dB balance 0.00 base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB volume steps: 65537 muted: no current latency: 58.88 ms max request: 11 KiB max rewind: 11 KiB monitor source: 2 sample spec: s16le 2ch 48000Hz channel map: front-left,front-right Stereo used by: 1 linked by: 1 configured latency: 60.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms card: 2 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3> module: 8 properties: alsa.resolution_bits = "16" device.api = "alsa" device.class = "sound" alsa.class = "generic" alsa.subclass = "generic-mix" alsa.name = "ALC225 Analog" alsa.id = "ALC225 Analog" alsa.subdevice = "0" alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0" alsa.device = "0" alsa.card = "0" alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH" alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xa1398000 irq 129" alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel" device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3" sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0" device.bus = "pci" device.vendor.id = "8086" device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation" device.product.id = "a348" device.product.name = "Cannon Lake PCH cAVS" device.form_factor = "internal" device.string = "front:0" device.buffering.buffer_size = "384000" device.buffering.fragment_size = "192000" device.access_mode = "mmap+timer" device.profile.name = "analog-stereo" device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo" device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo" module-udev-detect.discovered = "1" device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci" ports: analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority 10000, latency offset 0 usec, available: no) properties: device.icon_name = "audio-speakers" analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: yes) properties: device.icon_name = "audio-headphones" active port: <analog-output-headphones>
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| apt-get update Failing Posted: 06 May 2021 09:27 AM PDT I am getting the following message when trying to run sudo apt-get update on my Kali virtual machine. What could be the cause? root@kali:~# sudo apt-get update Get:1 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling InRelease [3,415 B] Err:1 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling InRelease Clearsigned file isn't valid, got 'NOSPLIT' (does the network require authentication?) Reading package lists... Done E: Failed to fetch http://http.kali.org/kali/dists/kali-rolling/InRelease Clearsigned file isn't valid, got 'NOSPLIT' (does the network require authentication?) E: The repository 'http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling InRelease' is no longer signed. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. root@kali:~#
# cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager search *omitted*.com nameserver 192.168.10.240 nameserver 192.168.32.215
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| Are bridges like hubs or switches? Posted: 06 May 2021 08:22 AM PDT It is my understanding that the main difference between a network hub and a network switch is that the hub always sends out all packets to all (other?) hosts while the switch is smart about it and keeps track of which port belongs to which MAC address via MAC address tables and whatnot. If a packet is addressed to a host which is connected to the switch but have never sent or received anything, the switch acts like a hub would. But every subsequent packet addressed to that host is not broadcast to the other hosts but forwarded only to that specific host. Please correct me if I got something wrong. Does a network bridge in Linux act like a hub would, or like a switch?  |
| Is there an equivalent to vimtutor for bash? Posted: 06 May 2021 10:35 AM PDT I've "learned" how to use VIM using vimtutor, which I really liked. I think every tutorial should be like this one : "don't try to remember, practice". I was wondering if there was an equivalent to learn bash and bash scripting ? Thank you  |
| Multiple Keyboard Layouts and Shortcuts Posted: 06 May 2021 09:42 AM PDT I configured KDE to switch easily from a bépo (french-dvorak) to an azerty layout. I configured it with the KDE interface (systemsettings), but I guess it just call setxkbmap be and setxkbmap fr. The azerty layout is the default (and the first in the list of the layouts). However, the shortcuts remains attached to the physical keys: pressing the q key yields a "q" in azerty and an "a" with the bepo layout. However, pressing ctrl + q have the same effect in both cases (quitting, in most softwares, for instance with kwrite or konsole). Note however that some softwares (as firefox) do the switch (pressing the j key, which prints a "t" with the bépo layout, and ctrl at the same time, opens a new tab, which is the expected behaviour). According to this comment, GTK apps do the switching, whereas Qt apps do not. How to make the keys of the shortcuts and the key to enter text coincide in all software More precisely, the shortcuts are defined according to the first layout in the list. How to make the definition of the shortcuts switch as well for Qt apps? Configuration (system): $ kded4 --version Qt: 4.8.7 KDE Development Platform: 4.14.38 KDE Daemon: 4.14.38 $ uname -a Linux debian 4.19.0-16-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.181-1 (2021-03-19) x86_64 GNU/Linux $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster) Release: 10 Codename: buster
Configuration (setxkbmap): $ setxkbmap -query rules: evdev model: pc104 layout: us,fr variant: intl-unicode,bepo options: grp:caps_toggle
(where fr is actually bepo) $ localectl list-x11-keymap-variants fr azerty bepo bepo_latin9 bre dvorak geo latin9 latin9_nodeadkeys latin9_sundeadkeys mac nodeadkeys oci oss oss_latin9 oss_nodeadkeys oss_sundeadkeys sundeadkeys us
Related pages : Edit: This question has been opened 2131 days ago, received three bounties, 31 upvotes, has 11 favorites, it is the most upvoted unanswered question as of now, but it wasn't offered one serious motivated answer? I should probably being submitting bug report, but I don't even know what software is responsible!  |
| Debian ignores PAM env variables (while Arch doesn't) Posted: 06 May 2021 10:05 AM PDT I have a weird issue with my Debian Sid system. I want to set a global environment variable in /etc/environment, which is supposed to be read by the pam_env module. Unfortunately, after having relogin in the system, the variable is not set. On another Arch Linux box, the same variable set in etc/environment is defined as expected. Just for testing, I tried to setup a local env variable in .pam_environment and, again, on Debian it's not being defined while on Arch it is. I'm using GDM on Debian and SDDM on Arch as login managers. What am I missing? Which (PAM or GDM) configuration files should I look at? EDIT: output of grep pam_env /etc/pam.d/* $ grep pam_env /etc/pam.d/* /etc/pam.d/atd:auth required pam_env.so /etc/pam.d/cron:# Read environment variables from pam_env's default files, /etc/environment /etc/pam.d/cron:# and /etc/security/pam_env.conf. /etc/pam.d/cron:session required pam_env.so /etc/pam.d/cron:session required pam_env.so envfile=/etc/default/locale /etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 /etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale /etc/pam.d/gdm-launch-environment:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 /etc/pam.d/gdm-launch-environment:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale /etc/pam.d/gdm-password:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 /etc/pam.d/gdm-password:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale /etc/pam.d/login:# file /etc/security/pam_env.conf. /etc/pam.d/login:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 /etc/pam.d/login:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale /etc/pam.d/polkit-1:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 user_readenv=0 /etc/pam.d/polkit-1:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale user_readenv=0 /etc/pam.d/su:# file /etc/security/pam_env.conf. /etc/pam.d/su:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 /etc/pam.d/su:session required pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale
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| How do I install Plan 9 on Oracle VM VirtualBox? Posted: 06 May 2021 09:55 AM PDT I downloaded a Plan 9 (4th Edition) ISO from Bell Labs and gave the system twice the recommended memory and hard disk space. I followed the installation prompts, choosing the default options where possible. However, the installer warned that it ran out of space, despite completing the installation. When the machine tried to boot, it got multiple kernel panics and aborted. How do I get Plan 9 installed and running on VirtualBox?  |
| What does "--" (double-dash) mean? Posted: 06 May 2021 10:16 AM PDT I have seen -- used in the compgen command. For example: compgen -W "foo bar baz" -- b
What is the meaning of the -- in there?  |
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