Sunday, March 27, 2022

Recent Questions - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange

Recent Questions - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange


Why are developers called 'developers'? [closed]

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT

tl;dr

Why are 'developers' called developers? Is there any meaning I don't know in the terminology 'develop'?

Long version

Before I start, I have no idea which community would be proper for this question, so I'll appreciate for any suggestion.

Anyway, as you might noticed, I'm not used to English. So, the word 'develop' is something that making better or advanced as I know. However, people who make software, or applications are also called 'developers' (not only 'programmers' or 'engineers'). It makes sense in the point of view that they make the software they made better, but this is not limited only for the software.

Is there any other meaning which I didn't know in 'develop'?

What are the rules for inclusiveness of a range end?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 06:11 AM PDT

  • If a store is open 9am-5pm, we assume the end of the period (5) is exclusive. I need to be out before 5pm.

  • 2nd world war was from 1939 to 1945. It ended on September 30, 1945. So the "1945" is inclusive.

  • If I'm invited to stay with a friend in their home Friday-Sunday, it is assumed I need to leave sometime during Sunday. The "Sunday" is inclusive.

  • If something is 5-8ft long, it can never be more than 8ft. The "8" is exclusive.

Do ranges follow rules, or do we always have to learn what is meant by its context? Is there some patter, or rule-of-thumb, that can be applied?

The function definition [closed]

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 03:44 AM PDT

The word function consists of an action verb and a measurable noun.

A function identifies or answers the question of what it does?

The verb answers the question, "What does it do?"

I am confused about what is the difference between the two questions:

What it does? VS What does it do?

The Source:

https://www.value-eng.org/resource/resmgr/certification/vm_dictionary.pdf

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Hypernym for "business card", "resume", "cv", "portfolio"

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 03:11 AM PDT

I need a single word/hypernym that will describe

  • Business card
  • Resume
  • Portfolio
  • CV

This word will describe information about a person. Such as name, title, contact. I am thinking the word could be something like profile. What can be the generic form of theses?

What Greek preposition is in “exorcism”, “ek” or “ex”?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 04:12 AM PDT

I realize this may not be typical for this forum, but I have seen the term translated to English in another post.

I find exorcism explained with "ek" with the verb "horkizo"

The word "Exorcism" is derived from the Greek preposition "ek" with the verb "horkizo" which means "I cause [someone] to swear" and refers to "putting the spirit or demon on oath, "or invoking a higher authority to bind the entity in order to control it and command it to act contrary to its own will." — Sydney Library

But elwhere I often see the term explained by "Ex"+ "horkizo", "ex" meaning "out of ".

Are these just two types of spelling for the same preposition?

What is the origin of "playing into someone's hands"?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 06:44 AM PDT

Quote:

"For God's sake, this man cannot remain in power," the US president said, as he urged democracies around the world to unite against the Russian president in a speech in Poland's capital littered with historical references to war in Europe.

The Kremlin issued a furious response, as critics accused Mr Biden of playing into Putin's hands.

Source: www.telegraph.co.uk

Lexico defines the expression as

play into someone's hands

  • Act in such a way as unintentionally to give someone an advantage.
    'they accused him of playing into the hands of the enemy'

Did the expression originally refer to a game? And how does something play into another person's hands?

Is there a term to describe words with opposites of the same form?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 02:22 AM PDT

By "words with opposites of the same form", I mean word pairs such as:

  • Input/Output
  • Inhale/Exhale
  • Import/Export

and so forth.

Is there a term to describe such pairs?

Is the definite article required in front of the noun that is followed by a "that ..." specifier?

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 06:38 PM PDT

In the following sentence, is the definite article "the" required in front of the noun describing a group whose scope is narrowed by a subsequent description?

They established better understanding with [the?] speakers that sounded relaxed.

How to construct a compound sentence using "champion" as a verb? [closed]

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 03:02 PM PDT

I want to write a sentence with the following structure:

I champion (a cause) [by] (doing something -- a verb ending in ing) to (achieve a specific goal that supports that cause).

My question is whether the [by] in bold is required or not?

For example, should I write:

I champion environmental stewardship using lobbying platforms to create more climate awareness.

or

I champion environmental stewardship by using lobbying platforms to create more climate awareness.

Is there a comma needed in this sentence, and if so, why? [migrated]

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 02:06 PM PDT

The sentence in question: "I met with a psychologist to see if I was on the autism spectrum but they told me that I was not."

  • Is this a complete sentence: "They told me that I was not." And if so, why?
  • Is there a comma needed before "but" in this sentence?
  • Is the word "that" ungrammatical?

Why can you say “not only will I” but not “not only I will”?

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 07:24 PM PDT

Given:

  1. Not only will I be skipping the breakfast, but the lunch too.
  2. Not only ❌I will be skipping the breakfast, but the lunch too.

Why does sentence (2) sound so terribly wrong? Why is sentence (1) grammatical and sentence (2) ungrammatical? Please explain why this strange ordering restriction of subject and auxiliary verb applies here.

In contrast, the ordering restriction in (1)/(2) does not seem to apply to any of these versions, where the verb is fine to follow the subject once you've moved not only around a bit in the sentence:

  1. I will not only be skipping the breakfast, but the lunch too.
  2. I will be skipping not only the breakfast, but the lunch too.
  3. I will be not only skipping the breakfast, but the lunch too.

If you switched I will to Will I in any of (3), (4), or (5), the result would now not be grammatical the way it is in (1).

Why makes (1) so special?

What is the correct term for all the forms and derivatives of a root word?

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 02:29 PM PDT

I want to make a comprehensive word list, and I want to refer to that list using the accurate terminology.

In my list I want all the forms, extensions, derivatives, etc of each word. I am using the word "forms" but is that right?

For instance "glass" is a root word.... Some forms are "glassed", "glasses", "glassy", "glassiest", "glassier", "glassing", "glazing", and probably more... And "blue" is a root word and some forms are "blueness", "bluish", "blued", "bluing", "blues", "bluesy" and more, but not necessarily "bluegrass" or all the other words containing that sequence of four letters. (Those may be distinct root words, with their own derivative forms).

Is there a term for all the derivations of a root?

I am having a hard time even searching the web for what I want because I don't know the word! Is it "derivations", "derivatives", "morphs", or something?

P.S. it is for a software project involving random words in a security system.

Word to describe things used in a board game

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 05:36 AM PDT

I was writing about a board game earlier and I initially mistranslated the Spanish word material, which in this refers to everything needed to play the game (cards, the board, the counters, the die...) for the English word material, before I realized that in this context they do not mean the same.

What would be the most appropriate English word for this use?

I'm thinking equipment or maybe attire, but I'd appreciate your suggestions.

Example phrase:

This board game is very old, I hope all of its ______ is/are still in the box.

"Work within a country" vs "Work in a country"

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 06:25 AM PDT

I am editing an academic text. Although my instinct was to follow the original, I am unsure whether there was any reason to use the following suggestion:

Original: "X is an organization that has worked in over seventy countries in the past X years."

Suggested Edit: "X is an organization that has worked within over seventy countries in the past X years."

Term or phrase similar to ghost town but without remaining structures

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 04:00 PM PDT

I'm a local historian and I was wondering what the term might be for former railroad communities/mill towns with no remaining structures? I realize ghost town is the wrong term because they have no remaining buildings or architecture. Thanks in advance!

Does the antecedent of ‘you’ shift in Labouchère’s poem “The Brown Man’s Burden”?

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 01:52 PM PDT

I was reading Henry Labouchère's poem "The Brown Man's Burden" first published in 1899. I was a little confused because at one point the antecedent for ye/you appears to switch from the white men to the brown men (meaning the Philippine natives).

For example, in the poem's second stanza,

Pile on the brown man's burden;
And, if ye rouse his hate,
Meet his old-fashioned reasons
With Maxims up to date.
With shells and dumdum bullets
A hundred times made plain
The brown man's loss must ever
Imply the white man's gain.

Here, the second-person ye pronoun seems to be referring to the natives (the brown men), while the third-person possessive pronoun his in his hate seems now to refer to the white men.

However, in all other parts of the poem, the second-person you seems to refer to the white men not to the brown ones, as in the poem's opening couplet reading:

Pile on the brown man's burden
To gratify your greed.

Please let me know whether I am analyzing the intended antecedents of these pronouns correctly here.

Are probable and possible scenarios the same? [closed]

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 12:40 PM PDT

When someone says "If X happens then Y may/can happen" what does he mean? He means what are the possible scenarios or the probable scenarios? Should we use may or can interchangeable in such sentences?

Usage of comma and parallel verbs in this sentence

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 12:03 AM PDT

Interestingly enough, a large number of the Facebook-based business ventures [have been formed][,] and [are run] and [managed] by women, which directly and indirectly contributes to women's empowerment in the country.

My first question is about the Comma in the third bracket before and. The rule of the Comma before and is:

  • The Comma before and joining two independent clauses
  • The Comma before and in lists of three or more items and etc.

Source: Using a Comma before "And"

But a large number of the Facebook-based business ventures have been formed and [are run] and [managed] by women are not independent clauses. So why the comma is used there?

The second question is about maintaining the parallel verbs which are [have been formed] and [are run] and [managed] which share the same subject. Shouldn't the verbs sharing the same subject be the same tense?

Source: Using Parallel Verbs

Amn’t - where does it occur in the US?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 05:46 AM PDT

We moved to CA from Norfolk, VA as children. Our parents and grandparents are college educated yet we four all said "amn't," to the shock of our CA neighbors.

We no longer say it but I wondered why we all said this in 1967?

All I can find in an online search is that they use it in Ireland and Scotland.

Note: My second and third generation Irish parents from Boston and St. Louis did not use it. Is it common in southern Virginia?

Type of usage/ term

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 05:07 PM PDT

His features contort with obvious pain as he tells his story, his memories of Caroline clearly something he holds precious.

What makes the bolded section dependent? What's it missing to form a clause. Is it a type of supplemental clause.?

Cultural Backlash Meaning

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 05:03 AM PDT

Backlash being strong public reaction against something, what exactly is cultural backlash? Googling it is not that helpful.

I was reading an article that contains the sentence:

The cultural backlash to America's financial system in the wake of the Great Recession brought the topic of widening inequality into the mainstream. Ten years after the crisis, income and wealth inequality between the top 1% and the rest of the country are both still rising.
—"US inequality sparked second Gilded Age and revealed defining struggle", Business Insider

Meaning of "Cut my legs out from under me"?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 06:25 AM PDT

I would like to know the exact meaning of this phrase "cut my legs out from under me".

I've been searching for it everywhere, but until now I've only come across the definition of "cut the ground from under somebody's feet". And I know it is not the same. Though, I've heard on some TV shows people saying "cut my legs out from under me".

"Webpages" or "Web Pages"?

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 09:16 PM PDT

Sometimes I found it written as "WebPages" and sometimes it is "Web Pages" .. I'm confused should it be written as one word or two words ?!

A word for making an event more likely or less likely

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 06:25 AM PDT

In discussions of probability we often find ourselves saying that we can make an event more likely or less likely. It feels wordy, like there should be a single word for that. I don't mean "preclude" or "necessitate." I mean a change of probability that doesn't reach 0% or 100%. For example, we might say:

If we increase the sample size, we [decrease the probability of] certain kinds of error. If we decrease the sample size, we [increase the probability of] certain kinds of error.

What goes in that bracketed space? Not "rarify," which means something else; and not "preclude," which we can never seem to accomplish.

What does "unwarranted conclusion" mean?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 04:13 AM PDT

What does "unwarranted conclusion" mean in a context that especially is related to a scientific survey?

Apparently it means that drawing a conclusion without taking into account whole variables or factors that impact the conclusion. However, I could not find a source explaining the term well.

Use of "to" with no verb at the end of a sentence in reference to the previous sentence

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 12:05 AM PDT

Consider:

She told him to break it up.

He didn't want to.

I know it means he didn't want to break it up, but how does one explain the use of to in the second sentence? I understand what's left out, and I get it re: the ellipsis—but I don't understand why to is there at all.

Couldn't one simply say He didn't want and leave it at that?

Word that means "characters" but that also applies to animals?

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 10:15 PM PDT

The definition of character:

character
2. a person in a novel, play, or film.

Is there a similar word but that also includes animals?

Example sentence:

In the novel, she meets many peculiar animals and humans. These [...].

"should say that" vs "should have said that"

Posted: 26 Mar 2022 10:02 PM PDT

Example 1: It was odd (that) you should say that

Example 2: It was odd (that) you should have said that

I don't understand what the putative should implies when it's constructed with the present perfect, as in example 2. I can't tell the differences between the two.

Why is the "J" in San Jacinto pronounced like an English "J" instead of an "H" in Texas?

Posted: 27 Mar 2022 03:14 AM PDT

Many Spanish words taken into English have a "J" sounding like "H", but San Jacinto follows a different rule:

  • San Jose
  • La Jolla
  • San Juan
  • Jimenez

Why is San Jacinto not pronounced San Hacinto in English?

The languagehat article mentioned in comments shows that the J in Jacinto is under attack in Texas, but it doesn't explain why Texans don't pronounce Jacinto like every other Spanish J word.

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