Thursday, July 29, 2021

Recent Questions - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange

Recent Questions - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange


What does "full-skirted" mean in the phrase "full-skirted coat" ? (It's from Dostoyevsky's novel)

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 10:35 AM PDT

Here's an excerpt from the book: The persons still in the tavern were a man who appeared to be an artisan, drunk, but not extremely so, sitting before a pot of beer, and his companion, a huge, stout man with a grey beard, in a short full-skirted coat.

British pronunciation of the word "year"

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 10:25 AM PDT

It's clear that this word is usually pronounced /jɪə/, but it seems to me that in some British accents (probably one of them is RP) it's pronounced /jeə/ so that it becomes a homophone of 'yeah'.

Unfortunately, googling that gave no results, neither did I find such transcription in the dictionaries, but I hear it on Youglish very well: see examples 1, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 (the Queen).

So the question is: is this pronunciation really valid?

P.S. My mum was also taught this pronunciation in an English school when she was a child.

To describe two things that are seemingly same but are actually different

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 10:12 AM PDT

I am now writing a research paper that tries to distinguish two computational methods. These two methods have very similar mathematical formulations but they are actually quite different.

I am wondering what word or phrase I could use to describe this? I found on the surface but not sure if the choice is correct as Webster tells me the synonyms are actually different than I am expecting.

Here is the sentence I have now.

On the surface, both methods use small number of labeled samples during training and validation. But they have contrasting statistical implications as [...]

What does "in coming" mean here ? (Warning: Spoilers for "Crime And Punishment" by Fyodor Dostoyesky)

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 10:42 AM PDT

It's an exchange between the main character of the book named Raskolnikov and a lady which owns a Pawn Shop: 'How much will you give me for the watch, Alyona Ivanovna?' 'You come with such trifles, my good sir, it's scarcely worth anything. I gave you two roubles last time for your ring and one could buy it quite new at a jeweler's for a rouble and a half.' 'Give me four roubles for it, I shall redeem it, it was my father's. I shall be getting some money soon.' 'A rouble and a half, and interest in advance, if you like!' 'A rouble and a half!' cried the young man. 'Please yourself'—and the old woman handed him back the watch. The young man took it, and was so angry that he was on the point of going away; but checked himself at once, remembering that there was nowhere else he could go, and that he had had another object also in coming.

attaboys from petty cash

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 08:55 AM PDT

Anyone know what "take a couple of attaboys from petty cash" means, or where it comes from?

From the context it seems to be similar to "pat yourself on the back"

I googled it and found examples of it, but no real explanation of what it means.

Examples of usage

Present simple or present continuous - I'm on the bus [duplicate]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 07:49 AM PDT

Present simple or present continuous? What tense are the following sentences? " I have a headache","he is on the bus",she is at work",he is tired",she is at the shop","I feel good".All these sentences describes something what is happening right now, so would it be present continious?

Which is better for naming an action: creating of something or creating something? What is the difference? [closed]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 07:04 AM PDT

The context is a translation of a business application. There are a number of actions and they are named (the user sees a list of actions they can perform). I need to use a gerund form (not an infinitive or a noun, eg. creation). An example is creation of certain objects.

What would be a suitable translation and what is the difference: "creating of something" or "creating something"?

Another Neither/Nor vs. Neither/Or Question [closed]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 06:46 AM PDT

Having some trouble figuring this one out -- any help would be greatly appreciated:

A) While neither proof of vaccination or masks are required to attend camp, we encourage fans who are not vaccinated to wear masks.

B) While neither proof of vaccination nor masks are required to attend camp, we encourage fans who are not vaccinated to wear masks.

meaning of would [closed]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 09:41 AM PDT

When native speakers use the verb "would" in a sentence like

  • If I had enough money, I would buy this house

do they consider it in their minds as a past tense with a past meaning, as in "when I was a kid I would play soccer with my dad whenever he was home", or with a present meaning, as in "would you like a cup of coffee"?

Word that represents the meaning of "Has been permitted access"

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 06:45 AM PDT

Is there a word in English which conveys the meaning of 'Has been permitted access' / 'Has access granted'`?

Example:

  • Devices with permitted access
  • Users with permitted access

Looking for something like WORD devices

Use case is: User has a list of devices and has given access to some of them.

Meanings of the word "kite" in the same context [closed]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 06:12 AM PDT

What is the meaning of the word "kite" in the sentence- " A kite is flying in the sky." I am asking this question because the word "kite" means an object made of paper or cloth. It also means a bird of prey. Both these two words are spelt the same and can be used in the same context. How should we differentiate between the two?

"Junk food" vs "processed food"

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 03:59 AM PDT

According to Wikipedia, the term junk food

dates back at least to the early 1950s, although its coinage has been credited to Michael F. Jacobson of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. It refers to anything made principally of (1) white flour and or (2) refined white sugar or syrup. For example, white bread, crackers, cake, candy, ice cream soda, chocolate malted, sundaes, sweetened carbonated beverages.

(Cambridge) adds the denotation of speed in preparing this food:

food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eat

On the other hand, processed food seems to have a similar negative connotation:

Processed food has had some sort of chemical or industrial treatment in order to cook it, preserve it, or improve its taste or appearance:

  • highly processed convenience foods

My question is: Can junk food be used as a synonym of processed food to mean unhealthy food in non-scientific contexts? Do they belong to the same register of language (my feeling is that junk food is less formal)? To be more concrete, can we swap the two expressions in these examples:

I Cut Out Processed Food [Junk Food?] for a Month to Quit My 'Healthy' Eating Habits (source)

I do not eat junk foods [processed foods?] or stuff like that during cheat days. (source)

Listing multiple nouns with "to" in between? [duplicate]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 12:29 AM PDT

Would it be grammatically correct to list multiple nouns with "to" in between?

For example, "I've never seen so many desserts (from cakes to ice cream to cupcakes to cookies)."

I've tried to do some research to see if this sentence format has been used before, but all I could find was:

Cognitive linguists such as Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier, building off of the work of George Lakoff (Metaphors We Live By), have emphasized the analogical process of conceptual "blending" as being core to every level of human cognition, from discerning images to creative writing to applying mathematical concepts to the world.

Source: "Why the Chess Computer Deep Blue Played Like a Human", David Auerbach (https://nautil.us/issue/18/genius/why-the-chess-computer-deep-blue-played-like-a-human?curator=MediaREDEF)

My apologies if this is an inappropriate question. I'm not a great writer (although I'm trying to improve) and my goal is to try and illustrate expansiveness through the listing of various examples (for example, my dessert example). However, I'm unsure if this would be grammatically correct.

Why do so many prefixes end with -o? (Visio, linguo) [closed]

Posted: 28 Jul 2021 10:23 PM PDT

At first I was wondering about "Deleuzoguattarian" but then I saw the Wiktionary list: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_prefixes which is quite striking.

The answers in Origin of colloquializing suffix -o point to a colloquial explanation, but I'm wondering if there's possibly Greek origin as well, or maybe just phonetic ease. Anyone have intuitions?

What does the phrase "I broke the mold and tossed the clay" mean?

Posted: 28 Jul 2021 10:59 PM PDT

I was listening to a song and there was such a verse:

My way or the highway – I'm one dimensional
I broke the mold and tossed the clay, incomprehensible
I'm the only - A rarity

I can't figure out what the phrase "I broke the mold and tossed the clay" mean in this context? I read that "to break the mold" means to do something in a completely new way. But what does it mean "to toss the clay"?

I'd be grateful for an explanation!

How to ask recipient of mail to wait a few more days? [closed]

Posted: 28 Jul 2021 08:22 PM PDT

I am replying to an email, and I would like to express that I need more days to sign a contract, but in a polite manner.

The obvious thing to say is

Please give me a few more days

But this sounds kind of odd. Is there an alternative to this?

Does the following expression make sense? I've repeated it now over and over, and can't tell anymore if that's what an English speaker would say.

Please allow me a few days to return the signed agreement.

A word between boy/girl and man/woman? [duplicate]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 02:17 AM PDT

My problem is this; the words "boy" and "girl" denote youth (at least to me), while "man" and "woman" denote more of an adult. While I am aware of just adding "young" before "man" or "woman", but that feels clunky and too formal, so is there some intermediary word between the two?

What's another word for "disingenuous interpretation" that also insinuates a malicious interpretation (not merely inaccurate)?

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 06:44 AM PDT

Edit: There used to be a quote Winston Churchill here that I attempted to use to provide an example of multiple interpretations. This lead to more confusion so I chose to remove it. It still exists in the edits if you're curious, but the example below is a better example of what I'm trying to ask.

What is another word/phrase for the phrase disingenuous interpretation that also insinuates an unnecessarily malicious interpretation of an event, quote, or situation?

I'll explain the context using Alice and Bob:

  • An event occurred involving Alice
  • The event is interpreted by Bob to have occurred due to Alice's malice
  • Alice is confronting Bob about the unnecessarily negative interpretation of the event

If in the example above, Alice confronts Bob and says "That was a maliciously disingenuous interpretation", it could communicate that that Bob was being malicious with their inaccurate interpretation. What I'm hoping for is a word/phrase that communicates The interpretation of the event was (unnecessarily) malicious.

Asked another way...

  • A genuine interpretation is an accurate interpretation of the events
  • A disingenuous is an inaccurate interpretation
  • A generous interpretation assumes good faith
  • A ________ interpretation assumes bad faith

"One another" when an ordered series of events or stages is involved

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 04:20 AM PDT

According to a traditional rule, each other denotes a reciprocal relation between two entities, and one another refers to more than two.

Many people maintain a further stylistic distinction between the two expressions by using one another when an ordered series of events or stages is involved, as in The waiters followed one another into the room.

https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=each+other

Why is it a "further" distinction?

Doesn't a series of events imply more than two "events" and therefore more than two "entities"?

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What would you call someone who rather not have something than have it with bad sides?

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 04:32 AM PDT

I wondered this when I was thinking about relationships but could apply to other situations. Let's say someone has a troubled relationship with their siblings so they'd rather not have them than put up with them. Or they ended up with a pet but they'd rather not have it and not deal with its responsibilities. Or they are assigned a project with good prospects but wouldn't want to do it because of risks.

I was thinking more of apathetic than slothful. I thought picky or idealist but they're not quite right.

Began to trace it through

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 10:04 AM PDT

Voldemort is writing his name into the air.

"He pulled Harry's wand from his pocket and began to trace it through the air.

Why through? I can't find the appropriate definition in dictionary. Please help me out.

Phrasal verbs as hyphenated adjectives

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 10:27 AM PDT

So I recently had a question of how to translate a seemingly simple phrase which gave rise to a really puzzling dilemma. The phrase itself was "the eye which had been operated on", it was passive. However, the original language only used one single adjective + "eye", and I wanted to somehow retain that so as to not make the translation too wordy.

One option was to simply say "the treated eye", which was OK. But I also wondered whether I could use "operate" as an adjective. Which led me to 2 options: "the operated eye" and "the operated-on eye". The latter seemed to be more suitable because we normally say that surgeons "operate on" an organ/limb/tumor/... and people have operations "on" parts of their bodies, so I ought to keep the preposition. The former sounded a little ambiguous, since "operate" could be confused with "manipulated, controlled" as in a "machine which is operated from a control panel".

My question is twofold, I guess. Am I correct in thinking that phrasal verbs may be used as hyphenated phrasal adjectives and, if so, is doing so appropriate in this particular case?

What's the meaning of the mentioned sentence?

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 02:15 AM PDT

That the seller has given clear understanding and guarantee at the time of this agreement that the said property is free from all encumbrances, attachments such as mortgage, gift, will, exchange, court injunction, disputes, stay, court decrees, lease, family or religious dispute or any other registered or unregistered encumbrance and attachment etc. In case of any proof, the seller will be liable and responsible for the same.

What is the meaning of the last line in this paragraph. It would be helpful if someone would make me understand the last line simply in context of the whole paragraph.

How to say being ahead at the start

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 09:07 AM PDT

I am writing to a Professor as a prospective graduate student. I want to tell him that I will be one step ahead at the begging of my masters program since I have taken several graduate courses already. So my tone should convey that I am a promising candidate and should not be boastful. I want to tell him that by assessing this knowledge I will start my master thesis sooner and I would be more successful. I guess that there are good ways in English to state this point. I would be very grateful if anyone could help me to express it.

Non-restrictive phrases are inessential, but are they nonarbitrary? [closed]

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 04:08 AM PDT

I need help understanding 'restrictive' phrases.

It's well known that non-restrictive phrases are inessential to the meaning of the sentence because they

do not limit the reference of a word or phrase.

But does that mean that all non-restrictive phrases say something that is nonarbitrary? That seems, superficially, to be the exact opposite?


I don't mean to suggest these examples are grammatically correct. I am just trying to show what I mean by 'non-arbitrary'. Neither that all of them are strictly speaking "nonrestrictive phrases", only that they are phrases that are not restrictive.


A simple example:

My sister, Susan, likes shopping.

'Susan' does not limit the meaning of 'sister' in the rest of the sentence, so 'Susan' likewise already has its referent fixed by the rest of the sentence, as well as I suppose context. What it says about my sister is nonarbitrary.

Again:

The first sentence, which I quoted, is from the dictionary.

This non-restrictive phrase does not limit meaning. What it says about the first sentence is nonarbitrary, because the first sentence already has its referent, and the phrase just adds that it was a quote.


In effect I'm asking whether non-restrictive phrases have a non-arbitrary meaning due to the rest of the sentence, despite themselves being inessential to the sentence.

"From three attempts a single one affirmed the chance for success." - is this grammatically acceptable?

Posted: 28 Jul 2021 11:01 PM PDT

I am grappling with a sentence here, which is rather poetic in nature and is way beyond my intuitive knowledge of English. Please help!

"From three attempts a single one affirmed the chance for success."

The contextual meaning is that there were three attempts made and only one of them was successful. It was successful because the chance was affirmed.

Is the sentence in question grammatically correct? Or can it be rephrased for compactness: "A single of three attempts affirmed the chance for success."

Thank you!

What word describes a musical instrument's native character?

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 10:18 AM PDT

(I asked this question in the music stack exchange at https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/54865/what-word-describes-an-instrument-s-native-character but since I am looking for a word I'll ask here too.)

As a composer of Celtic-style tunes, I usually pick up my mandolin and noodle in a few keys that work well on a mando, like G, D, Am, Bm for example. I almost never play in Eb (=Cm), say, because without resorting to fully-fretted positions it's not "natural" for a mandolin. The word "affordance," as used in a user-interface way, has some bearing here: the way a mandolin is physically organized "affords" ease of use in some keys over others. (The affordance of a door handle is obvious: it says "pull me." A flat plate on a door says "push.")

Now on a piano the layout, and how I play the instrument, is different from a mandolin. Whereas the mando is organized across four courses of strings arranged in fifths, and the hands have different jobs (picking and fretting), the piano is laid out in a linear array and both hands play notes. The "affordance" is different. It's much easier to play in Cm (and for me, D on a piano is sort of hard). If I compose a piece on piano and try to play it on mando, I am struck by how I would never have thought of it on a mando.

Pick your instrument - a penny whistle is key-oriented and range-limited, so only certain types of tune easily fall under the fingers. Drums are a whole different kettle (no pun) of fish: you use sticks and much of your body to play.

So here is the question: what word you would use to describe the instrument's native character? I have used "affordability" here but that only refers to a part of the approach to the instrument. For some reason the word "modality" comes to mind (not in the scales/modes sense) but I have not been able to support that guess.

The word would be used like this: " Composing Irish tunes on a fiddle is easier than on a harmonium because the [?word?] of the instrument is more appropriate. Almost-candidates include words like: "feel," "character," "voice," "style," or "capability."

This question is not just about finding the word. I think the whole concept of different instruments leading to different compositions is intriguing. Comments?

Addendum: the word idiom was suggested on the companion site, which is close.

The meaning of the phrase I'll wait you out

Posted: 29 Jul 2021 05:09 AM PDT

I heard this phrase in the TV show Grimm. Does it mean that I'll wait until you come out of the house?

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